Despite the relevance of semantic fluency measures to risk for dementia and psychiatric disorders, little is known about their genetic and environmental architecture in mid-to-late life. Participants represent 21,684 middle-aged and older adult twins (M = 60.84 years, SD = 11.21; Range 40-89) from six studies from three countries participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium. All completed the same measure of semantic fluency (naming animals in 60 seconds). Results revealed small-to-moderate phenotypic associations with age and education, with education more strongly and positively associated with fluency performance in females than males. Heritability and environmental influences did not vary by age. Environmental variance was smaller with higher levels of education, but this effect was observed only in males. This is the largest study to examine the genetic and environmental architecture of semantic fluency, and the first to demonstrate that environmental influences vary based on levels of education.

尽管语义流畅性测量与痴呆和精神疾病的风险相关，但人们对其中晚期的遗传和环境结构知之甚少。参与者代表来自三个国家的六项研究的 21,684 名中年和老年双胞胎（M = 60.84 岁，SD = 11.21；范围 40-89），参与多项研究 (IGEMS) 联盟的基因与环境相互作用。所有人都完成了相同的语义流畅度测量（在 60 秒内命名动物）。结果显示，表型与年龄和教育程度有小到中度的关联，教育程度与女性的流利度表现比男性更强烈和更正相关。遗传力和环境影响不因年龄而异。受教育程度越高，环境差异越小，但这种效果只在男性身上观察到。这是检查语义流畅性的遗传和环境结构的最大研究，也是第一个证明环境影响因教育水平而异的研究。