Abstract

In recent years, extracellular vesicles have gained more attention. However, studies on membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria were carried out relatively late because of the thick bacterial wall and the low production of membrane vesicles. Thanks to the research in recent years, the cognition of the composition and function of the membrane vesicles of Gram-positive bacteria has made significant progress. Membrane vesicles are spherical in shape comprising bilayer membranous structures with a diameter of 20–400 nm. Components of membrane vesicles are diverse, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. It also has been reported that membrane vesicles are involved in various pathophysiological processes and serve as communication tools in pathophysiological activities between the bacteria and the host. This review provided the current understanding of components and functions of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria. The findings might facilitate further research in the emerging field of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria.

Key points

• Membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, suggesting their biological significance.

• Membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria are thought to be involved in stress response, biofilm formation, immune regulation, and so on.

中文翻译：

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革兰氏阳性细菌中膜小泡的表征和功能

摘要

近年来，细胞外囊泡越来越受到关注。然而，由于细菌壁厚且膜囊泡的产量低，对革兰氏阳性菌中的膜囊泡的研究相对较晚。由于近年来的研究，对革兰氏阳性细菌的膜囊的组成和功能的认识已取得重大进展。膜囊泡是球形的，包括直径为20-400 nm的双层膜结构。膜囊泡的成分多种多样，包括蛋白质，核酸，脂质和代谢产物。还已经报道，膜囊泡参与各种病理生理过程，并充当细菌和宿主之间的病理生理活动的交流工具。这项审查提供了革兰氏阳性细菌中膜囊泡的组成和功能的当前了解。这些发现可能有助于革兰氏阳性细菌膜囊泡新兴领域的进一步研究。

关键点

•革兰氏阳性细菌中的膜囊泡含有蛋白质，核酸，脂质和代谢产物，表明它们的生物学意义。

•革兰氏阳性细菌中的膜囊泡被认为与应激反应，生物膜形成，免疫调节等有关。