ABSTRACT In 2014, the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project renewed excavations at Khirbat al-Jariya (KAJ), an Iron Age copper smelting site in Faynan, Jordan. Located roughly 3 km from the prominent smelting center Khirbat en-Nahas (KEN), KAJ was an integral component of Early Iron Age (ca. 1200–800 b.c.) copper production in Faynan, one of the largest copper ore deposits in the southern Levant. To date, the site had only been investigated by surveys and limited excavation; the 2014 excavations opened two areas (the largest extant building and a slag mound sounding) to explore the social dynamics and temporal intricacies of copper production. The excavation results, detailed site remapping, paleobotanical analysis, and new radiocarbon dates suggest KAJ more rapidly developed into a large-scale copper production center than previously believed, likely as a strategic expansion to the industry at KEN. This reinterpretation sheds new light on the development of the Iron Age industrial landscape in Faynan.

中文翻译：

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瓦迪峰：约旦费南的铁器时代工业景观的发展

摘要2014年，Edom低地地区考古项目在约旦费南的Iron Age铜冶炼厂Khirbat al-Jariya（KAJ）进行了重新挖掘。KAJ距著名的冶炼中心Khirbat en-Nahas（KEN）约3公里，是Faynan早期铁器时代（约1200-800 bc）铜生产的组成部分，Faynan是黎凡特南部最大的铜矿床之一。迄今为止，该地点仅通过调查和有限的挖掘进行了调查；2014年的发掘活动开辟了两个区域（现存最大的建筑物和矿渣丘测深），以探索铜生产的社会动态和时间错综复杂性。开挖结果，详细的站点重新映射，古植物分析，而且新的放射性碳年代数据表明，KAJ比以前认为的要迅速发展成为大规模的铜生产中心，这可能是KEN工业的战略扩张。这种重新诠释为费南铁器时代工业景观的发展提供了新的思路。