Abstract For the ancient Greeks, the world was both Eros, the god of chaos and creativity, and Logos, the regularity of the heavens as law. From chaos the world came forth. The world was home to ultimate creativity. Two thousand years later Kepler, Galileo, and then mighty Newton created deterministic classical physics in which all that happens in the universe is determined by the laws of motion, initial and boundary conditions. The Theistic God who worked miracles became the Deistic God who set up the universe and let Newton’s laws take over. Eros, raw creativity, is dead, all is Logos. Quantum mechanics replaced the determinism of classical physics with fundamental indeterminism. This was a major crisis in physics, but remained entirely within the Newtonian paradigm of laws, here the Schrödinger equation, initial and boundary conditions. The Schrödinger equation entails the deterministic propagation of a probability distribution. The probabilities concern the indeterminate outcomes of quantum measurement events. The central issue of this article is to show that no laws at all determine or entail the becoming of our biosphere or any other among the 1022 solar systems in the universe. This claim is radical. If no laws determine or entail the becoming of biospheres, and biospheres are part of the universe, the Pythagorean dream that All is Number, All is Logos, is dead. There is no Final Theory that entails all that become in the universe. Eros is again, and always was, rambunctiously alive in the raw creativity of the becoming of life anywhere in the universe. The becoming of life is based on physics, on Logos, but beyond it, emerging from Eros. The reasons Eros is at play in the evolution of biospheres are fourfold. First, the universe will not make all possible complex things. That is, the universe is vastly non-ergodic. Yet complex things such as the human heart exist. Second, the reason human hearts exist is that organisms are Kantian Wholes in which the parts exist for and by means of the whole. Hearts exist because they fulfill the function of pumping the blood that keeps the whole organism alive. Such organisms propagate progeny that carry with them the hearts that keep them alive. Third, adaptations like hearts, the flagellar motor, the loop of Henle in kidneys that concentrates urine, and flight feathers, are tinkered-together contraptions stumbled upon in evolution. Parts and processes that arise in evolution are jury-rigged for unprestatable new functions that help keep the entire Kantian Whole organism alive and propagating in the evolving biosphere. There is no deductive theory of jury rigging. We cannot deduce the emergence of such novel functions. Fourth, the functions of parts of organisms emerge in unprestatable ways and form the unprestatable and ever-changing phase space of evolution. Since we cannot prestate the ever-changing phase space of evolution, we can write no laws of motion in differential equation form, so cannot integrate the equations we do not have. Thus, no laws entail the becoming of any biosphere. Evolving biospheres are everywhere creative. This is Eros, the chaos from which the world emerges. This profound creative emergence is the stuff of story, of narrative. Evolving biospheres always were and always will be both Eros and Logos, the stuff of story and the stuff of law. We always live in a world of Art and Science.

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爱神与标志

摘要 对于古希腊人来说，世界既是爱神（混乱和创造力之神），又是逻各斯，即诸天作为法则的规律。世界从混沌中诞生。世界是终极创造力的家园。两千多年后，开普勒、伽利略和强大的牛顿创造了确定性经典物理学，其中宇宙中发生的一切都由运动定律、初始条件和边界条件决定。创造奇迹的有神论上帝成为了建立宇宙并让牛顿定律接管的自然神论上帝。爱神，原始的创造力，已经死了，一切都是逻各斯。量子力学用基本的非决定论取代了经典物理学的决定论。这是物理学中的一个重大危机，但完全属于牛顿定律范式，这里是薛定谔方程、初始条件和边界条件。薛定谔方程需要概率分布的确定性传播。概率涉及量子测量事件的不确定结果。本文的中心问题是要表明，在宇宙中 1022 个太阳系中，没有任何法律决定或导致我们的生物圈或任何其他太阳系的形成。这种说法是激进的。如果没有定律决定或导致生物圈的形成，而生物圈是宇宙的一部分，那么毕达哥拉斯关于一切都是数字、一切都是逻各斯的梦想就已经死了。没有最终理论可以包含宇宙中的一切。爱神又一次，并且一直，在宇宙任何地方生命形成的原始创造力中肆无忌惮地活着。生命的形成基于物理学，基于逻各斯，但超越它，从爱欲中浮现。爱神在生物圈演化中发挥作用的原因有四方面。首先，宇宙不会使所有可能的复杂事物都成为可能。也就是说，宇宙在很大程度上是非遍历的。然而，复杂的事物，如人的心脏，是存在的。其次，人的心存在的原因是有机体是康德式的整体，其中部分是为了整体而存在的。心脏之所以存在，是因为它们履行泵血的功能，使整个生物体保持活力。这样的生物繁殖后代，它们携带着让它们保持活力的心脏。第三，诸如心脏、鞭毛运动、肾脏中浓缩尿液的亨勒环和飞行羽毛等适应性是进化过程中偶然发现的修补装置。进化中出现的部分和过程被陪审团操纵以实现不可预测的新功能，这些新功能有助于保持整个康德生物体在进化的生物圈中存活和繁殖。没有关于陪审团操纵的演绎理论。我们无法推断出这种新功能的出现。第四，生物体各部分的功能以不可预知的方式出现，形成不可预知的、千变万化的进化相空间。由于我们无法预测进化的不断变化的相空间，我们无法以微分方程形式写出运动定律，因此无法对我们没有的方程进行积分。因此，没有任何法律会导致任何生物圈的形成。不断发展的生物圈无处不在。这就是爱神，世界从混乱中出现。这种深刻的创造性涌现是故事的素材，是叙事的素材。不断发展的生物圈一直是，也将永远是爱神和逻各斯，既是故事的素材，也是法律的素材。我们总是生活在艺术和科学的世界里。