abstract Modern societies are based on the binary of female and male, excluding whoever falls outside or transgresses the prevailing norms. Even human rights frameworks follow societal, cultural and traditional developments, in limiting the interpretation of “gender” mostly to women and men. Existing dichotomous gender norms influence people’s lives significantly and often cause multiple human rights violations and gender-based violence. Intersex women athletes’ performance is questioned as they do not fit in the sex/gender binary and they are often forced to undergo medical interventions that violate their basic rights and result in physical and psychological harm and suffering. This renders them “invisible” victims of gender-based violence due to current binary perceptions on gender and the absence of explicit legal frameworks. This article explores international and African legal frameworks on intersex, challenges the current definition of gender and aims to broaden its understanding to cover victims of gender-based violence who fall outside the binary, such as intersex women.

中文翻译：

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双性人运动员：性别暴力语言中的隐形受害者

摘要 现代社会基于女性和男性的二元论，排除任何人不遵守或违反普遍规范的人。甚至人权框架也遵循社会、文化和传统的发展，将“性别”的解释主要限于女性和男性。现有的两性性别规范对人们的生活产生重大影响，并经常导致多次侵犯人权和基于性别的暴力。双性人女运动员的表现受到质疑，因为她们不符合性别/性别二元论，而且她们经常被迫接受侵犯她们基本权利并导致身心伤害和痛苦的医疗干预。由于目前对性别的二元认知和缺乏明确的法律框架，这使他们成为基于性别的暴力的“隐形”受害者。