ABSTRACT The annihilation of the aboriginal societies of the Canary archipelago, which consists of seven islands off the coast of southern Morocco and was populated by indigenes derived from Berber-speaking communities of north-west Africa, represents modern Europe’s first overseas settler colonial genocide. The process of social destruction, initiated by European slave raiders in the first half of the fourteenth century, was propelled to completion by mainly Iberian conquistadors and settlers towards the end of the fifteenth century. In addition to unrestrained mass violence against Canarians, European conquerors practised near-total confiscation of land and near-total enslavement and deportation of island populations. Enslavement and deportation, which went hand in hand, accounted for the largest number of victims and were central to the genocidal process. They were in effect as destructive as killing because the victims, generally the most productive members of their communities, were permanently lost to their societies. Child confiscation, sexual violence and the use of scorched earth tactics also contributed to the devastation suffered by Canarian peoples. After conquest, the remnants of indigenous Canarian societies were subjected to ongoing violence and cultural suppression, which ensured the extinction of their way of life. That the enslavement and deportation of entire island communities was the consciously articulated aim of conquerors establishes their “intent to destroy in whole,” which is the central criterion for meeting the United Nations Convention on Genocide’s definition of genocide. This article argues that individually and collectively all seven cases of social obliteration in the Canaries represent clear examples of genocide, and it is the first article to contend that the destruction of aboriginal Canarian societies constitutes genocide.

中文翻译：

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欧洲第一个殖民者殖民入侵非洲：加那利岛原住民的种族灭绝

摘要 加那利群岛原住民社会的灭绝代表了现代欧洲第一次海外定居者殖民种族灭绝，该群岛由摩洛哥南部海岸外的七个岛屿组成，居住着来自西北部柏柏尔语社区的土著人。14 世纪上半叶由欧洲奴隶掠夺者发起的社会破坏进程在 15 世纪末主要由伊比利亚征服者和定居者推动完成。除了对加那利人无限制的大规模暴力之外，欧洲征服者几乎完全没收土地，几乎完全奴役和驱逐岛上居民。奴役和驱逐，齐头并进，受害者人数最多，是种族灭绝进程的核心。它们实际上与杀戮一样具有破坏性，因为受害者，通常是他们社区中最有生产力的成员，永远失去了他们的社会。没收儿童、性暴力和使用焦土战术也导致加那利人民遭受的破坏。征服后，加那利土著社会的残余不断遭受暴力和文化压制，这确保了他们生活方式的灭绝。整个岛屿社区的奴役和驱逐是征服者有意识地明确表达的目标，这确立了他们“整体毁灭的意图”，这是满足《联合国灭绝种族罪公约》对灭绝种族罪定义的核心标准。