Abstract Based on a thorough reading of Saint Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises (1541), this article inquires about the theological foundation that prompted a spiritual revolution and allowed the consolidation of a visually centered religious culture in Spain during the second half of the sixteenth century. Given the treatises's handbook nature, part of the study will center on certain authors, Jerónimo Nadal and Fray Luis de Granada, for example, who were responsible for interpreting and expanding it. One element that is traced and examined within this new way of comprehending the visual is the role of the faithful as a spectator confronting a sacred image. How should he respond to the image and how must he conceive the nature of the divine with regard to it? By trying to answer these questions, the reader is encouraged to reflect upon a key period in the history of European religious art, the moment in which the confessional battle consolidated two very distinct ways of approaching divinity: word and image.

中文翻译：

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洛约拉圣伊格内修斯的文字和图像：特伦特会议后西班牙视觉文化的塑造

摘要基于对洛约拉精神练习的圣伊格纳修斯（1541年）的透彻阅读，本文探究了引发精神革命并在16世纪下半叶巩固西班牙以视觉为中心的宗教文化的神学基础。考虑到论文的手册性质，该研究的一部分将集中于某些作者，例如负责解释和扩展该书的某些作者，例如JerónimoNadal和Fray Luis de Granada。在这种理解视觉的新方式中被追溯和检验的一个要素是忠实者作为面对神圣图像的旁观者的角色。他应该如何回应图像，以及他必须如何理解图像的本质？通过尝试回答这些问题，