In 2014 President Obama promised to open a US embassy in Havana. Leaked private emails between Hollywood actors about the film which depicts the assassination of Kim Jong Un forced media giant Sony to apologise for promoting terrorism. Robotic lander the Philae was the first human artefact which landed on the comet. Steven Hawking warned that Artificial Intelligence could end human life on Earth. Worldwide prices of oil crashed to peanuts. Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 took off and mysteriously disappeared. A deadly outbreak of Ebola, coupled with police brutality in the US and international conflicts in Ukraine, Crimea, Israel, and other places, have dominated everyday news. A new understanding of media has started to take off, and concepts such as fake news and post-truth have started to receive more prominence. As I write these words in November 2018, this arbitrary selection of ‘most important events’ in 2014 compiled from ABC News (Keneally, 2014) and Mashable (2014) is outdated: Cuba is more open than ever, Steven Hawking has unfortunately passed away, and oil is again expensive. Yet, my selection still tells a lot about our contemporary moment: Artificial Intelligence has continued to take over more and more jobs previously performed by humans, police brutality and armed international conflicts continue, post-truth has entered mainstream discourse and has significantly contributed to the election of the current US president Donald Trump (see Peters, Rider, Hyvönen, & Besley, 2018). Five years is a long time for media outlets that publish news on an hourly basis. Nevertheless, some news from my little blast from the past are obsolete, while others are as relevant as ever. Writing this text in November 2018, it is trivial to say which 2014 news are relevant today. But who could predict, back in 2014, which news will be relevant in November 2018? In ancient Rome, haruspices read the future from intestines of sacrificed animals; in today’s academic journals, editors read the future from reading, researching, talking to people, and intuition. These talents are unexplainable and unevenly distributed: hard work makes many solid researchers and editors, but the glory of reaching the pantheon of scientific revolutionaries (Kuhn, 1962) is reserved for the few. However, even the lousiest academic researcher and editor has a double role: we need to cor(respond) to current events, and we need to develop human thought by new ideas and their applications. Fruits of our work will probably never reach Plato’s ideal of complete timelessness, yet they should serve us at least a bit longer than a few days – if for no other purpose, then as stepping stones for researchers to come. In Research Methods 101, this usually amounts to definitions of ‘scientific contribution’ and to muddy differences between ‘pure’ and ‘applied’ research; in editing business, this distinction often serves as a dividing line between ‘high theory’ and ‘low theory’ (Jandrić, 2017, p. 107). However, the concept of openness equally embraces various types of research. During the past five years, the Open Review of Educational Research has become a practical example of a specific model of openness introduced in Michael Peters’ inaugural editorial. This model sees openness as ‘intellectual commons’, which ‘provides an alternative to the currently dominant “knowledge capitalism”’, while ‘being conscious of the historically different accounts of openness especially as it applies to education’ (Peters, 2014). Five years after Michael published

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后数字开放

2014年，奥巴马总统许诺在哈瓦那开设美国大使馆。好莱坞演员之间关于这部电影的私人电子邮件泄漏，该电影描述了金正恩被暗杀的行为，迫使媒体巨头索尼为宣扬恐怖主义而道歉。机器人着陆器Philae是降落在彗星上的第一个人物。史蒂芬·霍金（Steven Hawking）警告说，人工智能可以终结地球上的人类生命。全球石油价格暴跌至花生。马来西亚航空370航班起飞后神秘失踪。致命的埃博拉疫情再加上美国的警察暴行以及乌克兰，克里米亚，以色列和其他地方的国际冲突，已成为每天的新闻。对媒体的新认识已开始兴起，诸如假新闻和真实性之类的概念已开始受到更多关注。当我在2018年11月写下这些文字时，由ABC News（Keneally，2014）和Mashable（2014）汇编的2014年``最重要事件''的任意选择已过时：古巴比以往任何时候都更加开放，史蒂文·霍金不幸去世了，而石油又很昂贵。然而，我的选择仍然充分说明了我们的当代时刻：人工智能继续接管人类以前从事的越来越多的工作，警察的残暴行为和武装国际冲突继续存在，后真相已成为主流话题，并为目前美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的选举（见彼得斯，骑士，Hyvönen，和贝斯利，2018）。对于按小时发布新闻的媒体而言，五年时间很长。不过，我过去的小事有些过时了，而其他方面则一如既往地相关。在2018年11月撰写本文时，很容易地说出今天哪些2014年新闻是相关的。但是，谁能在2014年预测2018年11月将涉及哪些新闻？在古罗马，猿人从被牺牲动物的肠子中读取未来。在当今的学术期刊中，编辑人员通过阅读，研究，与人交谈和直觉来阅读未来。这些人才是无法解释的，而且分布不均：艰苦的工作使许多扎实的研究人员和编辑心驰神往，但为少数人保留了达到科学革命家万神殿的荣耀（库恩，1962年）。但是，即使是最无聊的学术研究人员和编辑也担当着双重角色：我们需要应对时事，并需要通过新思想及其应用来发展人类思想。我们工作的成果可能永远不会达到柏拉图的完全永恒的理想，但它们至少要为我们服务几天以上-如果没有其他目的，则可以作为研究人员的垫脚石。在研究方法101中，这通常相当于“科学贡献”的定义，也就等于“纯”研究与“应用”研究之间的模糊差异。在编辑业务中，这种区别通常是``高理论''与``低理论''之间的分界线（Jandrić，2017，p.107）。但是，开放性的概念同样涵盖了各种类型的研究。在过去的五年中，《开放式教育研究评论》已成为迈克尔·彼得斯就职社论中引入的一种特定开放性模式的实际例子。这种模式将开放视为“知识共享”，它“提供了一种替代当前占主导地位的“知识资本主义”的方式”，同时“意识到了历史上对开放性的不同解释，尤其是在教育方面的开放性”（Peters，2014）。迈克尔出版五年后