Abstract Metropolitan regions are an increasingly relevant scale for political decision making and determining urban utilities and services functions. Metropolitan institutions functions with autonomous local governments, parastatal organisations and public-private enterprises. Therefore, it is always difficult to network between the decentralised municipal governments and create a hierarchy of planning, development and inter-local collaboration for governmental services delivery. One may expect that output legitimacy or legitimacy by performance is the dominant source for legitimacy in metropolitan governance. This paper examines India's metropolitan governance, its functioning under the decentralisation, the varied implementation of the act by states, its relevant comparison with global cases, and the opportunity of efficient collaboration between decentralised local governments within a metropolitan governance mechanism. The 74th Constitutional amendment act (74th CAA) 1992 provides the necessary legislative backdrop for decentralisation and establishment of the local governments or urban local bodies in India. The amendment act also pave ways for institutionalisation of metropolitan governance by establishing metropolitan/regional development authorities. The purpose of this metropolitan institution is to establish a framework of democratic governance, provide infrastructure services and improve regional prosperity. However, this contribution of the amendment act is not highlighted much in literature. The paper narrates the functioning of the metropolitan institution for the integration among the decentralised local governments and the relevant issues from two empirical evidences. It divulges the mechanisms of establishing metropolitan governance and decentralisation in India. In the process, it showcases the contribution of 74th CAA towards the establishment of the metropolitan governance. It also outlines the potential and challenges present in this dual system.

中文翻译：

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同时建立大都市治理和地方治理：印度第 74 条宪法修正案的教训

摘要 大都市区与政治决策和确定城市公用事业和服务功能的相关性越来越大。大都会机构与自治地方政府、半国营组织和公私企业共同运作。因此，在分散的市政府之间建立网络并为政府服务提供创建规划、发展和地方间协作的层次结构总是很困难。人们可能认为产出合法性或绩效合法性是大都市治理合法性的主要来源。本文考察了印度的大都市治理、它在权力下放下的运作、各州对该法案的不同实施、与全球案例的相关比较、以及在大都市治理机制内分散的地方政府之间进行有效合作的机会。1992 年第 74 号宪法修正案（第 74 号 CAA）为印度地方政府或城市地方机构的权力下放和建立提供了必要的立法背景。该修正案还通过建立大都市/区域发展机构，为大都市治理的制度化铺平了道路。这个大都会机构的目的是建立民主治理框架，提供基础设施服务并促进区域繁荣。然而，修正法案的这一贡献在文献中并没有得到太多强调。本文从两个经验证据阐述了大都会制度在分散地方政府之间的整合作用及相关问题。它揭示了在印度建立大都市治理和权力下放的机制。在此过程中，它展示了第 74 届民航局对建立大都市区治理的贡献。它还概述了这种双重系统中存在的潜力和挑战。