Abstract Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have brought great opportunities for geographical information systems (GIS) to be integrated with cyber-physical systems (CPS) in urban management. However, the term IoT and CPS are new in the GIS realm. This article reviews the concepts of IoT and CPS from the perspective of geospatial spaces and proposes the concept of Geo CPS to develop the potential of new technology in the geographic dimension. Two forms of Geo CPS are discussed: pseudo-CPS (PCPS), which projects spatial data onto a display without interaction among data sources, and true-CPS (TCPS), which handles data sources deeply and semantically. While PCPS already has wide industrial applications, TCPS is still in its infancy. The spatial challenge for CPS in geo space involves operating conditions in an open environment, and here, the human-machine system interface will be key. A transformation of our mindset relating to GIS can lead to the creation of new value-added geographical information services. This will require new schemes and platforms for data sharing, processing, security, and privacy, etc.

中文翻译：

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地理 CPS：地理维度 CPS 的空间挑战和机遇

摘要 物联网 (IoT) 的最新进展为地理信息系统 (GIS) 与城市管理中的信息物理系统 (CPS) 集成带来了巨大机遇。然而，术语 IoT 和 CPS 在 GIS 领域是新的。本文从地理空间空间的角度回顾了 IoT 和 CPS 的概念，并提出了 Geo CPS 的概念，以在地理维度上开发新技术的潜力。讨论了两种形式的 Geo CPS：伪 CPS (PCPS)，它将空间数据投影到显示器上而无需数据源之间的交互，以及真正的 CPS (TCPS)，它可以深入和语义地处理数据源。虽然 PCPS 已经具有广泛的工业应用，但 TCPS 仍处于起步阶段。地理空间中 CPS 的空间挑战涉及开放环境中的操作条件，在这里，人机系统界面将是关键。我们与 GIS 相关的思维方式的转变可以导致创建新的增值地理信息服务。这将需要用于数据共享、处理、安全和隐私等的新方案和平台。