Abstract To ensure adequate access to urban facilities, it is important for urban planners to achieve equity in the geographical arrangement of such facilities. For the evaluation of vertical spatial equity in the geographical organization of urban facilities, there is a requirement to examine whether and to what degree the variation in spatial accessibility to urban facilities corresponds to the variation in aspatial accessibility for such facilities. While no studies so far measure vertical spatial equity in accordance with ‘need’ and ‘demand’ based approaches of equity with a focus on both spatial and aspatial accessibility. Therefore, this paper attempts to measure an integrated spatial accessibility index for the evaluation of geographic variation in spatial accessibility to urban facilities, and then, seeks to integrate spatial accessibility and aspatial accessibility in one framework to evaluate vertical spatial equity in the geographical arrangement of urban facilities. This paper measures integrated spatial accessibility index for urban facilities following the concept of 2SFCA method incorporating supply and demand for urban facilities, the travel distance or time that users are willing to cover to reach such facilities, and the interaction of residents across geographic boundaries. Aspatial accessibility to urban facilities is defined through demographic-demand index and social-need index for those facilities. Spearmen correlation coefficient, spatial analysis models (local spatial autocorrelation in this case), and overlay are used to assess the association between spatial accessibility and aspatial accessibility to urban facilities. The results indicate there exists a variation (inequality) in spatial accessibility to urban facilities in the case study area (DCC). Urban facilities are inequitably distributed within DCC, as high-social-need areas and high-demographic-demand areas have low spatial accessibility to such facilities. These areas should be prioritized in distributing urban facilities in the future, and thus, it can help urban planners to achieve an equitable distribution of urban facilities.

中文翻译：

---

实现城市设施的垂直空间公平：空间和非空间可达性的整合

摘要 为确保城市设施的充分利用，城市规划者必须在这些设施的地理布局中实现公平。在评价城市设施的地理组织中的垂直空间公平性时，需要考察城市设施空间可达性的变化是否对应于这些设施的空间可达性的变化，以及在何种程度上对应。虽然迄今为止没有研究根据基于“需要”和“需求”的公平方法来衡量垂直空间公平，重点是空间和非空间可达性。因此，本文试图衡量一个综合的空间可达性指数，用于评估城市设施空间可达性的地理变异性，然后，寻求将空间可达性和非空间可达性整合到一个框架中，以评估城市设施地理布局中的垂直空间公平性。本文根据 2SFCA 方法的概念，衡量城市设施的综合空间可达性指数，包括城市设施的供需、用户为到达这些设施而愿意走过的距离或时间，以及居民跨越地理边界的互动。城市设施的空间可达性是通过这些设施的人口需求指数和社会需求指数来定义的。Spearmen 相关系数、空间分析模型（在这种情况下为局部空间自相关）和叠加用于评估城市设施的空间可达性和非空间可达性之间的关联。结果表明，案例研究区 (DCC) 中城市设施的空间可达性存在差异（不平等）。城市设施在 DCC 内分布不均，因为高社会需求地区和高人口需求地区对此类设施的空间可达性较低。这些区域在未来的城市设施布局中应优先考虑，从而帮助城市规划者实现城市设施的公平布局。