ABSTRACT In 1943, the United States began to consider the issue of the world order after the end of World War II; at that time, the status of the islands in the South China Sea remained undetermined. Towards the end of the war, a US policy-planning document on this issue favored either returning the islands to one of the parties claiming sovereignty or placing the islands under international trusteeship once the war ended. Immediately after the end of World War II, the United States withdrew its support for an international trusteeship, and it did not back up any single party’s claim of sovereignty over the islands. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the United States did not clarify its stance on the issue of sovereignty over the South China Sea islands, hoping the eventual outcome would not favor the newly founded People’s Republic of China. Finally, the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951, signed under the guidance of the United States, stipulated only that Japan relinquish the islands, but failed to identify who would take them over. The San Francisco Peace Treaty signaled the formation of the official US policy towards disputes over the islands in the South China Sea.

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美国政府对南海诸岛地位的审议和行动，1943-1951：美国对南海争端政策的形成

摘要 1943年，美国开始考虑二战结束后的世界秩序问题；当时，南海诸岛的地位尚未确定。战争接近尾声时，美国关于这一问题的政策规划文件支持要么将这些岛屿归还给声称拥有主权的一方，要么在战争结束后将这些岛屿置于国际托管之下。二战结束后，美国立即撤回了对国际托管的支持，也没有支持任何一方对这些岛屿的主权主张。1940年代末1950年代初，美国在南海诸岛主权问题上没有明确立场，希望最终结果不会有利于新成立的中华人民共和国。最后，1951年在美国的指导下签署的旧金山和平条约只规定日本放弃这些岛屿，但没有确定谁来接管这些岛屿。《旧金山和约》标志着美国对南海岛屿争端的官方政策的形成。