ABSTRACT In the last decade, new web-based tools to democratize politics are developed and are growing in popularity. In this paper, we explore one such innovation: the campaign pledge evaluation tool (CPET). Given the unique opportunities such tools represent for assessing the political sphere, as well as the unique challenges they pose for accountability and governance, we argue that studying CPETs should be a main facet of future research on politically-relevant technologies. This article circumscribes this new phenomenon in three ways. First, from a normative perspective, we bridge CPET studies to existing fields of research, specifically, pledge studies with a special concern toward conceptual and operational definitions of pledges and their fulfillment. Second, we present a scoping review to provide an exhaustive overview of the academic literature on the subject. Third, we analyze existing CPET tools regarding their origins, designs and methodologies. Finally, we discuss questions surrounding the design and development of CPETs as well as the effects of these tools on citizens attitudes and behaviors. Our main argument is that researchers should begin to look at the impacts of CPETs and that developers of these tools should design measures to weight the promises according to their significance.

中文翻译：

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我们对竞选承诺评估工具了解多少？

摘要在过去的十年中，开发了新的基于网络的工具来使政治民主化，并且越来越流行。在本文中，我们探索了一种这样的创新：竞选承诺评估工具（CPET）。鉴于此类工具代表着评估政治领域的独特机会，以及它们对问责制和治理构成的独特挑战，因此我们认为研究CPET应该是未来有关政治技术研究的主要方面。本文通过三种方式对这种新现象进行了界定。首先，从规范的角度来看，我们将CPET研究与现有研究领域相结合，特别是对质押及其实现的概念和操作定义特别关注的质押研究。第二，我们提供了一个范围界定的评论，以提供有关该主题的学术文献的详尽概述。第三，我们分析现有的CPET工具的起源，设计和方法。最后，我们讨论有关CPET设计和开发的问题，以及这些工具对公民态度和行为的影响。我们的主要论点是，研究人员应开始研究CPET的影响，而这些工具的开发人员应设计措施以根据其重要性对承诺进行加权。