ABSTRACT

Based on a United Nations mission the author conducted to Tunisia in 2017, this article studies the links between economy and human – in particular economic and social- rights in this country. It addresses the following two questions: how do the economic and financial difficulties and related policies implemented affect human rights in Tunisia? To what extent are corruption, illicit financial flows and human rights interlinked in the country? The text presents the most relevant international human rights standards and commitments of Tunisia as well as its national human rights framework concerning human rights and economic policies. It also presents the financial, economic and political challenges that the country faces and the government responses through economic reform programme. It also discusses the efforts made to address corruption and illicit financial flows, including asset recovery at home and abroad, the institutional capacity to fight illicit financial flows and corruption, establishing accountability and curbing impunity, the Truth and Dignity Commission, the organic law on reconciliation in the administrative field and accountability in the banking sector. The article concludes that, while acknowledging that the democratic government is still making efforts to cope with the economic legacy left by the Ben Ali’s regime, the economic reforms (such as austerity and adjustment) being implemented need to adopt a holistic human rights approach in order to ensure those reforms promote these rights more effectively. It also concludes that corruption continues to be a destabilizing force in Tunisia, infecting its economy and undermining the enjoyment of human rights in the country. Towards the end policy recommendations for discussion are presented.

摘要

基于作者于2017年对突尼斯进行的联合国访问，本文研究了经济与人类之间的联系，尤其是该国的经济与社会权利。它涉及以下两个问题：所实施的经济和金融困难以及相关政策如何影响突尼斯的人权？该国的腐败，非法资金流动和人权在多大程度上相互关联？案文介绍了突尼斯最相关的国际人权标准和承诺，以及有关人权和经济政策的国家人权框架。它还提出了该国面临的金融，经济和政治挑战，以及政府通过经济改革计划做出的回应。它还讨论了为解决腐败和非法资金流动而作出的努力，包括在国内外进行资产追回，打击非法资金流动和腐败的机构能力，建立问责制和制止有罪不罚现象，真相与尊严委员会，和解组织法在行政领域和银行部门的问责制。文章的结论是，在承认民主政府仍在努力应对本·阿里政权留下的经济遗产的同时，正在实施的经济改革（如紧缩政策和调整政策）需要采取整体人权方针，以便确保这些改革更有效地促进这些权利。报告还得出结论认为，腐败仍然是突尼斯的不稳定力量，感染其经济并破坏该国的人权享受。最后提出了可供讨论的政策建议。