ABSTRACT This account of practice follows an action learning project that considered the contribution of the ‘L = P + Q + R’ formula to the teaching of thinking skills to 31 pre-service teachers in Turkey, including the risks in the process of AL. The participants were observed as exhibiting developments in learning (L) thinking skills through questioning (Q) and reflection (R). This study led me to an understanding of the potential risks related to the time allocated by the Action Learning Facilitator to the participants as well as to the small number of groups.

中文翻译：

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教师教育中用于教授二十一世纪思维技能的行动学习

摘要 本实践说明遵循一个行动学习项目，该项目考虑了“L = P + Q + R”公式对土耳其 31 名职前教师思维技能教学的贡献，包括 AL 过程中的风险。参与者被观察到通过提问 (Q) 和反思 (R) 表现出学习 (L) 思维技能的发展。这项研究使我了解了与行动学习促进者分配给参与者以及少数群体的时间相关的潜在风险。