Product quality and production efficiency of Atlantic salmon are, to a large extent, influenced by the deposition and depletion of lipid reserves. Fillet lipid content is a heritable trait and is unfavourably correlated with growth, thus genetic management of fillet lipid content is needed for sustained genetic progress in these two traits. The laboratory-based reference method for recording fillet lipid content is highly accurate and precise but, at the same time, expensive, time-consuming, and destructive. Here, we test the use of rapid and cheaper vibrational spectroscopy methods, namely near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy both as individual phenotypes and phenotypic predictors of lipid content in Atlantic salmon. Remarkably, 827 of the 1500 individual Raman variables (i.e. Raman shifts) of the Raman spectrum were significantly heritable (heritability (h2) ranging from 0.15 to 0.65). Similarly, 407 of the 2696 NIR spectral landscape variables (i.e. wavelengths) were significantly heritable (h2 = 0.27–0.40). Both Raman and NIR spectral landscapes had significantly heritable regions, which are also informative in spectroscopic predictions of lipid content. Partial least square predicted lipid content using Raman and NIR spectra were highly concordant and highly genetically correlated with the lipid content values ( $${r}_{\text{g}}$$ = 0.91–0.98) obtained with the reference method using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.63–0.90), and were significantly heritable ( $${h}^{2}$$ = 0.52–0.67). Both NIR and Raman spectral landscapes show substantial additive genetic variation and are highly genetically correlated with the reference method. These findings lay down the foundation for rapid spectroscopic measurement of lipid content in salmonid breeding programmes.

中文翻译：

---

可遗传的近红外和拉曼光谱测量法可改善大西洋鲑鱼片中的脂质含量

大西洋鲑的产品质量和生产效率在很大程度上受到脂质储备的沉积和消耗的影响。鱼片脂质含量是可遗传的性状，并且与生长不利地相关，因此对于这两个性状的持续遗传进展，需要对鱼片脂质含量进行遗传管理。用于记录鱼片脂质含量的基于实验室的参考方法非常精确，但同时又昂贵，费时且具有破坏性。在这里，我们测试使用快速且便宜的振动光谱法，即近红外（NIR）和拉曼光谱法，作为大西洋鲑中脂质含量的个体表型和表型预测指标。值得注意的是，在1500个拉曼变量中，有827个（即 拉曼光谱的拉曼位移很明显是可遗传的（遗传力（h2）范围从0.15到0.65）。同样，在2696个NIR光谱景观变量（即波长）中，有407个是显着遗传的（h2 = 0.27–0.40）。拉曼光谱和近红外光谱都具有明显的可遗传区域，这在脂质含量的光谱预测中也很有用。使用拉曼光谱和NIR光谱得出的偏最小二乘预测脂质含量高度一致，并且与使用参考方法获得的脂质含量值（$$ {r} _ {\ text {g}} $$ = 0.91-0.98）具有高度遗传相关性Lin的一致性相关系数（CCC = 0.63-0.90），并且具有显着的遗传性（$$ {h} ^ {2} $$ = 0.52-0.67）。NIR和拉曼光谱图都显示出大量的加性遗传变异，并且与参考方法在遗传上高度相关。这些发现为鲑鱼育种计划中脂质含量的快速光谱测量奠定了基础。