Determining how to structure vehicular network environments can be done in various ways. Here, we highlight vehicle networks' evolution from vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) to the internet of vehicles (IoVs), listing their benefits and limitations. We also highlight the reasons in adopting wireless technologies, in particular, IEEE 802.11p and 5G vehicle-to-everything, as well as the use of paradigms able to store and analyze a vast amount of data to produce intelligence and their applications in vehicular environments. We also correlate the use of each of these paradigms with the desire to meet existing intelligent transportation systems' requirements. The presentation of each paradigm is given from a historical and logical standpoint. In particular, vehicular fog computing improves on the deficiences of vehicular cloud computing, so both are not exclusive from the application point of view. We also emphasize some security issues that are linked to the characteristics of these paradigms and vehicular networks, showing that they complement each other and share problems and limitations. As these networks still have many opportunities to grow in both concept and application, we finally discuss concepts and technologies that we believe are beneficial. Throughout this work, we emphasize the crucial role of these concepts for the well-being of humanity.

中文翻译：

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新兴车辆环境中的计算范例：综述

可以通过各种方式来确定如何构造车辆网络环境。在这里，我们重点介绍了车辆网络从车载自组织网络（VANET）到车辆互联网（IoV）的演变，并列举了它们的优点和局限性。我们还重点介绍了采用无线技术的原因，尤其是采用IEEE 802.11p和5G车载到万用的技术，以及使用能够存储和分析大量数据以在车辆环境中产生智能及其应用的范例。我们还将这些范式的使用与满足现有智能交通系统要求的愿望相关联。每个范例的呈现都是从历史和逻辑的角度出发的。特别是，车辆雾计算可改善车辆云计算的不足之处，因此从应用程序的角度来看，两者都不是排他的。我们还强调了一些与这些范例和车辆网络的特征相关的安全问题，表明它们彼此互补，并存在着问题和局限性。由于这些网络在概念和应用方面仍有许多增长的机会，因此我们最后讨论了我们认为是有益的概念和技术。在整个工作中，我们强调这些概念对于人类福祉的关键作用。由于这些网络在概念和应用方面仍有许多增长的机会，因此我们最后讨论了我们认为是有益的概念和技术。在整个工作中，我们强调这些概念对于人类福祉的关键作用。由于这些网络在概念和应用方面仍有许多增长的机会，因此我们最后讨论了我们认为是有益的概念和技术。在整个工作中，我们强调这些概念对于人类福祉的关键作用。