In this article, a universal power flow model for the dual active bridge (DAB)-based dc–dc converters with phase-shift modulation is derived. The model considers the lossy components, the dead time, and the resonant commutations of the converters. A power flow model for the partial parallel dual active bridge (P $^{2}$ DAB) converter is generated from the universal power flow model. Based on the calculations, the power plateau phenomenon and the antipower phenomenon, as well as their causes and influences are discussed. Because of the zero-reactive power loss in the lagging full bridge, the zero-voltage turn on of all of the switches, and the zero-current commutation of the switches in the lagging full bridge during the power plateau, a hypothesis, which claims that the converter is more efficient in the power plateau operation than in other operation modes, is made. A laboratory prototype of the P $^{2}$ DAB converter is constructed. The analysis about the power plateau and the antipower phenomenon is verified, as well as the proposed hypothesis is proved. Compared against the measured power, the model for the (P $^{2}$ DAB) converter has the maximum error less than 10%. Therefore, the validity of the universal power flow model is verified.

中文翻译：

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具有相移调制的双有源桥式转换器的通用潮流模型

在本文中，得出了具有相移调制的基于双有源桥（DAB）的DC-DC转换器的通用潮流模型。该模型考虑了转换器的损耗成分，停滞时间和谐振换向。部分并联双主动桥（P $ ^ {2} $DAB）转换器是根据通用潮流模型生成的。在此基础上，讨论了功率平稳现象和反功率现象及其产生的原因和影响。由于滞后全桥中的零无功功率损耗，零电压转向上在所有的开关中，以及在功率平稳期间在滞后全桥中的开关的零电流换向，提出了一种假设，该假设声称转换器在功率平稳运行中比在其他工作模式中更有效。P的实验室原型 $ ^ {2} $DAB转换器已构建。验证了关于功率平稳和反功率现象的分析，并证明了所提出的假设。与测得的功率相比，（P $ ^ {2} $DAB）转换器的最大误差小于10％。因此，验证了通用潮流模型的有效性。