To date, design guidance for hydraulic flocculators has been limited, with several articles focusing on the design of horizontally-baffled flocculators. In this article, a design algorithm for vertically-baffled flocculators is introduced based on physical principles governing baffled hydraulic flocculator performance. Vertically-baffled flocculators are more compact than their horizontally-baffled counterparts for design flow rates less than about 170 L/s (4 MGD). To accommodate narrow baffle spacings at the lowest flow rates, this work introduces the concept of obstacles, which are placed on baffles to enhance mixing to maintain the same mixing efficiency attainable in larger flocculators. Well-designed hydraulic flocculators have more uniform velocity gradients than conventional mechanical flocculators; approach plug-flow behavior, which has faster flocculation kinetics and less short-circuiting; and are less expensive to operate and maintain. Design algorithms based on theoretical and practical considerations are developed, after which two illustrative design examples are given. Afterward, a discussion of the range of applicability for vertically-baffled and horizontally-baffled flocculators is presented. Cost comparisons with horizontally-baffled flocculators and mechanical flocculators are then made and turbidity performance data are provided. This vertically-baffled flocculator design approach has been proven in Central America, where it has been used to design 17 flocculators that are currently in use and have demonstrated dependable performance and low-cost operation and maintenance.

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垂直挡板絮凝器的设计算法

迄今为止，水力絮凝器的设计指南非常有限，有几篇文章重点介绍了水平挡板絮凝器的设计。在本文中，基于控制挡板液压絮凝器性能的物理原理，介绍了垂直挡板絮凝器的设计算法。对于小于约 170 L/s (4 MGD) 的设计流速，垂直挡板絮凝器比水平挡板絮凝器更紧凑。为了在最低流速下适应狭窄的挡板间距，这项工作引入了障碍物的概念，这些障碍物放置在挡板上以增强混合，以保持在较大的絮凝器中可达到的相同混合效率。设计良好的水力絮凝器比传统的机械絮凝器具有更均匀的速度梯度；接近塞流行为，具有更快的絮凝动力学和更少的短路；并且运行和维护成本较低。开发了基于理论和实际考虑的设计算法，然后给出了两个说明性设计示例。然后，讨论了垂直挡板和水平挡板絮凝器的适用范围。然后与水平挡板絮凝器和机械絮凝器进行成本比较，并提供浊度性能数据。这种垂直挡板絮凝器设计方法已在中美洲得到验证，该方法已被用于设计目前使用的 17 台絮凝器，这些絮凝器已证明性能可靠且运行和维护成本低。并且运营和维护成本更低。开发了基于理论和实际考虑的设计算法，然后给出了两个说明性设计示例。然后，讨论了垂直挡板和水平挡板絮凝器的适用范围。然后与水平挡板絮凝器和机械絮凝器进行成本比较，并提供浊度性能数据。这种垂直挡板絮凝器设计方法已在中美洲得到验证，该方法已被用于设计目前使用的 17 台絮凝器，这些絮凝器已证明性能可靠且运行和维护成本低。并且运行和维护成本较低。开发了基于理论和实际考虑的设计算法，然后给出了两个说明性设计示例。然后，讨论了垂直挡板和水平挡板絮凝器的适用范围。然后与水平挡板絮凝器和机械絮凝器进行成本比较，并提供浊度性能数据。这种垂直挡板絮凝器设计方法已在中美洲得到验证，该方法已被用于设计目前使用的 17 台絮凝器，这些絮凝器已证明性能可靠且运行和维护成本低。然后，讨论了垂直挡板和水平挡板絮凝器的适用范围。然后与水平挡板絮凝器和机械絮凝器进行成本比较，并提供浊度性能数据。这种垂直挡板絮凝器设计方法已在中美洲得到验证，该方法已被用于设计目前使用的 17 台絮凝器，这些絮凝器已证明性能可靠且运行和维护成本低。然后，讨论了垂直挡板和水平挡板絮凝器的适用范围。然后与水平挡板絮凝器和机械絮凝器进行成本比较，并提供浊度性能数据。这种垂直挡板絮凝器设计方法已在中美洲得到验证，该方法已被用于设计目前使用的 17 台絮凝器，这些絮凝器已证明性能可靠且运行和维护成本低。