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Longitudinal and vertical focusing with a field gradient spiral inflector
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.24.023501
A. H. Barnard , J. I. Broodryk , J. L. Conradie , J. G. de Villiers , J. P. Mira , F. Nemulodi , R. Thomae

Traditional spiral inflectors of the Belmont-Pabot type are commonly used for axial injection of external ion beams into cyclotrons. These inflectors are designed to control the trajectory of the central path, and do not actively focus the beam in the vertical and longitudinal directions. This can introduce effects such as a large vertical divergence and a debunching longitudinal spread, making it difficult to match the injection line emittance to the cyclotron acceptance. In an attempt to overcome this, some recent inflectors have started incorporating electrodes specially shaped to produce field gradients along the central path, thereby influencing the inflector optics. This method has shown some success, and at iThemba LABS an inflector was built exhibiting good vertical focusing. However, it performed poorly longitudinally, worse than traditional spiral inflectors. In this article a generalized field gradient spiral inflector design is presented, based on a mathematical description of all possible first-order field gradients along the central path. Such a design is numerically optimized to simultaneously focus longitudinally and vertically. Experimental studies of this design show a 60% improvement in overall current extracted from the cyclotron.

中文翻译:

纵向和垂直聚焦与场梯度螺旋形偏转器

Belmont-Pabot类型的传统螺旋形偏转器通常用于将外部离子束轴向注入回旋加速器中。这些偏转器设计用于控制中心路径的轨迹,并且不会在垂直和纵向方向上主动聚焦光束。这会产生诸如较大的垂直发散和消除纵向扩展的效应,从而使注入线的发射率难以与回旋加速器的接受度匹配。为了克服这个问题,一些最近的折光器已经开始结合特殊形状的电极,以沿中心路径产生场梯度,从而影响了折光器的光学器件。这种方法已经显示出一定的成功,并且在iThemba LABS上制造了一个具有良好垂直聚焦的折光板。但是,它在纵向上表现不佳,比传统的螺旋形偏转器更糟糕。在本文中,基于对沿中心路径的所有可能的一阶场梯度的数学描述,提出了一种广义的场梯度螺旋形偏转器设计。这种设计在数值上进行了优化,以同时纵向和纵向聚焦。此设计的实验研究表明,从回旋加速器提取的总电流提高了60%。
更新日期:2021-02-05
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