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Preference and Polarity: Epistemic Stance in Question Design
Research on Language and Social Interaction ( IF 4.158 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04
John Heritage, Chase Wesley Raymond

ABSTRACT

This article considers the use of negative polarization in polar (yes/no) questions. It argues that question polarity is used to take an epistemic stance toward the probability or improbability of the state of affairs referenced in the question and that taking such a stance is effectively unavoidable. Focusing on negatively polarized questions (NPQs), four main kinds of evidence are adduced that NPQs are associated with the questioner’s stance that the question’s underlying proposition is unlikely: (a) self-repair to reverse or otherwise adjust polarity; (b) evidence from the prior talk from which the question is occasioned; (c) contexts in which a particular state of affairs is relevant but has remained unstated; (d) overall structural organizational features of talk (e.g., conversational closings) that militate against the likelihood of affirmative responses. Finally, the article proposes that question design represents a distinct organizational layer vis-à-vis the preference-organizational characteristics of actions, and it appears to function in distinctive ways in relation to recruitment- and affiliation-relevant questions (e.g., requests, offers, etc.) by comparison with information-seeking questions. Data are drawn from corpora of British and American English conversations.



中文翻译:

偏好与极性:问题设计中的认知立场

摘要

本文考虑在极性中使用负极化(/)的问题。它认为,问题的极性被用来对问题中提到的事态的可能性或可​​能性采取认知的立场,而采取这种立场实际上是不可避免的。针对负极化问题(NPQ),提出了四种主要证据,表明NPQ与提问者的态度有关,即问题的基本命题不太可能:(a)自我修复以扭转或调整极性。(b)来自先前谈话中提出问题的证据;(c)特定情况相关但未阐明的情况;(d)谈话的总体结构性组织特征(例如对话结束),不利于肯定回答的可能性。最后,文章提出,问题设计相对于行动的偏好-组织特征代表了一个独特的组织层,并且似乎在与招聘和隶属关系相关的问题(例如,请求,要约等)方面以独特的方式发挥作用。)与寻求信息的问题进行比较。数据来自英国和美国英语会话的语料库。

更新日期:2021-02-05
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