Abstract

Modern geopolitics includes measures short of armed conflict designed to control decision-making in, and action by, target states. One increasingly significant category of these measures involves attacks by foreign states against civil society institutions in target states. Liberal states that seek to protect their civil societies from this interference seek to bolster civil society defences, to determine the origin of and respond to attacks and to deny relevant tools to potential attackers. With the rise of cyberspace, target states using purely territorial measures are increasingly impotent to protect their civil societies from foreign governmental hacking. Denying access to advanced hacking software by antagonist foreign states may assist in protecting target state civil societies. This article explores the possibility of denying hacking tools to potential attackers, identifies some of the problems and proposes a refinement of export controls that will permit greater protection with less disruption of desirable software development.

中文翻译：

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对角出口管制以打击对民间社会的对角跨国攻击

摘要

现代地缘政治包括旨在防止目标国家决策和采取行动的武装冲突措施。这些措施中越来越重要的一类涉及外国对目标州的民间社会机构的攻击。寻求保护其公民社会免受这种干扰的自由主义国家寻求增强公民社会的防御能力，确定攻击的来源并作出反应，并拒绝向潜在的攻击者提供相关工具。随着网络空间的兴起，使用纯粹地域性措施的目标国家越来越无力保护其公民社会免受外国政府的黑客攻击。敌对外国拒绝访问先进的黑客软件可能有助于保护目标国家的公民社会。