This study aims to examine the impact of social tolerance of cultural diversity, and the ability to speak widely spoken languages, on economic performance. Based on the literature, the evidence is still controversial and unclear. Therefore, the study used panel data relating to (99) non-English speaking economies during the time period between 2009 and 2017. Following the augmented Solow model approach, the related equation was expanded, in this study, to include (besides human capital) social tolerance, the English language (as a lingua franca) and the level of openness. The model was estimated using the two-step system GMM approach. The results show that social tolerance of diversity and English language competence have a positive, but insignificant impact on the economy. Regarding policy implications, government and decision-makers can avoid the costs deriving from cultural diversity by adopting democratic and effective institutions that aim to achieve cultural justice and recognition, which, in turn, enhance the level of tolerance, innovation and productivity in the economy. Moreover, to ease intercultural communication within heterogeneous communities, it is necessary to invest in enhancing the quality of second language education which is necessary to make society more tolerant and the country more open to the global economy.

中文翻译：

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宽容，文化多样性与经济增长：来自动态面板数据分析的证据

这项研究旨在检验社会对文化多样性的容忍度以及说多种语言的能力对经济绩效的影响。根据文献，证据仍存在争议且不清楚。因此，该研究使用了与2009年至2017年期间（99）个非英语国家的经济有关的面板数据。在采用增强的Solow模型方法之后，在本研究中，相关方程被扩展为包括（人力资本除外）社会宽容，英语（作为通用语言）和开放程度。该模型是使用两步系统GMM方法估算的。结果表明，社会对多样性的容忍度和英语能力对经济有积极但微不足道的影响。关于政策影响，政府和决策者可以通过采用旨在实现文化正义和认可的民主有效机构来避免文化多样性带来的成本，从而提高经济的容忍度，创新水平和生产力。此外，为了简化异类社区之间的跨文化交流，有必要进行投资以提高第二语言教育的质量，这对于使社会更加宽容并且该国对全球经济更加开放是必要的。