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Restoration of Vanuatu sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) through participatory domestication
Australian Forestry ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04
T. Page, J. Doran, J. Tungon, M. Tabi

ABSTRACT

Sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) is a fragrant tree of cultural and commercial importance in Vanuatu. The trade in its wild products has long provided income to landowners on remote islands. Due to unmanaged harvesting, however, wild sources of sandalwood in Vanuatu have declined in recent years. Domestication of the species and deployment of improved germplasm through smallholders can facilitate its restoration through circa situm plantings. Recognising the need to transition from wild harvest, landowners have commenced planting the species in home gardens and using it to enrich agricultural fallows and natural vegetation. Improvement of sandalwood through domestication has the potential to increase tree productivity, heartwood volumes and heartwood oil quality. This can enhance income and livelihood benefits associated with smallholder-planted sandalwood in Vanuatu. This paper outlines a strategy for participatory domestication to ensure that improved sandalwood germplasm is available for domestic sandalwood growers. The amount of the oil-bearing heartwood determines the commercial value of individual trees, which is linked to growth rates, heartwood oil concentration and chemical composition. There is substantial tree-to-tree and provenance-based variation in all these characteristics on which to base its domestication. The domestication strategy has been developed with consideration of the resources and capacities of stakeholders in Vanuatu. It is based on conventional approaches to plant improvement and the engagement of landowners to enhance germplasm deployment and manage institutional and environmental risk. The current breeding population comprises a grafted clonal archive of 39 genotypes selected from more than 250 wild trees sampled throughout the country. These genotypes were selected for their elevated levels of key oil components α- and β-santalol across seven island provenances. This breeding population has been deployed successfully as small clonal seed orchards on seven islands (Santo, Pentecost, Malekula, Ambrym, Epi, Efate and Tanna) to provide improved seed where it is needed most. The genetic base of established orchards will be expanded by introducing new selections from planted and wild populations in a ‘rolling front’ breeding strategy, as described in this paper. Families in the breeding population will be tested in progeny trials on participating islands to assess their genetic performance and retention in seed orchards, with later conversion to seedling seed orchards. The participatory approach to domestication and the deployment of germplasm provides a sound genetic foundation for landowner-driven sandalwood restoration in Vanuatu.



中文翻译:

通过参与性驯化恢复瓦努阿图檀香(Santalum austrocaledonicum)

摘要

檀香(Santalum austrocaledonicum)是瓦努阿图具有文化和商业重要性的芬芳树。长期以来,其野生产品贸易为偏远岛屿的土地所有者提供了收入。然而,由于收割不当,近年来瓦努阿图的野生檀香木资源有所减少。通过小农户对物种进行驯化和改良种质的部署可以促进其通过大约环境的恢复种植。认识到有必要从野生采伐过渡,土地所有者已开始在家庭花园中种植该树种,并利用其丰富农业休耕和自然植被。通过驯化改善檀香具有提高树木生产力,心材量和心材油品质的潜力。这可以提高与瓦努阿图小农种植的檀香木相关的收入和生计收益。本文概述了参与性驯化的策略,以确保为国内檀香种植者提供改良的檀香种质。含油心材的量决定了每棵树木的商业价值,这与生长速度,心材油浓度和化学成分有关。在所有这些特征中,都有很大的树到树和基于物源的变化,这些都是驯化的基础。考虑到瓦努阿图利益相关者的资源和能力,制定了驯化策略。它基于植物改良的传统方法以及土地所有者的参与,以增强种质资源的利用并管理机构和环境风险。目前的育种种群包括39种基因型的嫁接克隆档案,这些基因型选自全国250多个野生树。选择这些基因型的原因是,它们在七个岛屿种源中的关键油类成分α-和β-檀香醇水平升高。该繁殖种群已成功地作为小型克隆种子园部署在七个岛屿(圣托,五旬节,马勒库拉,安布林,埃皮,Efate和Tanna)在最需要的地方提供改良的种子。如本文所述,将通过在“滚动前沿”育种策略中从种植和野生种群中引入新的选择来扩展已建立果园的遗传基础。繁殖种群的家庭将在参与岛屿的后代试验中进行测试,以评估其遗传性能和在种子园中的保留率,随后再转换为种子园。参与性驯化和种质资源的使用方法为瓦努阿图的土地所有者驱动的檀香木恢复提供了良好的遗传基础。如本文所述,将通过在“滚动前沿”育种策略中从种植和野生种群中引入新的选择来扩展已建立果园的遗传基础。繁殖种群的家庭将在参与岛屿的后代试验中进行测试,以评估其遗传性能和在种子园中的保留率,随后再转换为种子园。参与性驯化和种质资源的使用方法为瓦努阿图的土地所有者驱动的檀香木恢复提供了良好的遗传基础。如本文所述,将通过在“滚动前沿”育种策略中从种植和野生种群中引入新的选择来扩展已建立果园的遗传基础。繁殖种群的家庭将在参与岛屿的后代试验中进行测试,以评估其遗传性能和在种子园中的保留率,随后再转换为种子园。参与性驯化和种质资源的使用方法为瓦努阿图的土地所有者驱动的檀香木恢复提供了良好的遗传基础。

更新日期:2021-02-05
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