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Comparing Patterns of Hurricane Washover into Built and Unbuilt Environments
Earth's Future ( IF 8.852 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ef001818
Eli D. Lazarus 1 , Evan B. Goldstein 2 , Luke A. Taylor 1 , Hannah E. Williams 1
Affiliation  

Extreme geohazard events can change landscape morphology by redistributing huge volumes of sediment. Event‐driven sediment deposition is typically studied in unbuilt settings – despite the ubiquity of occurrence and high economic cost of these geohazard impacts in built environments. Moreover, sedimentary consequences of extreme events in built settings tend to go unrecorded because they are rapidly cleared, at significant expense, from streets and roads to facilitate emergency response. Reducing disaster costs requires an ability to predict disaster impacts, which itself requires comprehensive measurement and study of the physical consequences of geohazard events. Here, using a database of poststorm aerial imagery, we measure plan‐view geometric characteristics of sandy washover deposits in built and unbuilt settings following five different hurricane strikes along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the US since 2011. We identify systematic similarities and differences between washover morphology in built and unbuilt environments, which we further explore with a simplified numerical model. Our findings suggest that spatial characteristics of the built environment (termed “fabric”) – specifically, the built fraction of the depositional zone – exerts a fundamental control on the form of large deposits. Accounting for the influence of built fabric on the morphodynamics of flow‐driven geohazards is a tractable step toward improved forecasts of hazard impacts and disaster risk reduction.

中文翻译:

比较飓风冲刷进入已建和未建环境的模式

极端地质灾害事件可通过重新分配大量沉积物来改变景观形态。事件驱动的沉积物沉积通常在非建筑环境中进行研究,尽管这些地质灾害影响在建筑环境中普遍存在,并且造成了很高的经济成本。此外,在建筑环境中发生极端事件的沉积后果往往未记录下来,因为它们已从街道和道路上以高昂的代价迅速清除,以促进应急响应。降低灾害成本需要具有预测灾害影响的能力,而灾害本身本身就需要对地质灾害事件的物理后果进行全面的测量和研究。在这里,使用暴风雨后的航空影像数据库,自2011年以来,在美国大西洋和墨西哥湾沿岸发生五次不同的飓风袭击之后,我们测量了建成和未建成环境中沙质冲刷沉积物的平面图几何特征。我们确定了已建成和未建成环境中冲刷形态之间的系统相似性和差异,用简化的数值模型进一步探索。我们的发现表明,已建环境(称为“织物”)的空间特征,特别是沉积区的已建部分,对大型沉积物的形态具有根本的控制作用。考虑到人造织物对流动驱动地质灾害形态动力学的影响,这是朝着改进对灾害影响和减少灾害风险的预测进行改进的重要一步。我们确定了在内置和未内置环境中冲洗形态之间的系统相似性和差异,我们将使用简化的数值模型对其进行进一步探讨。我们的发现表明,已建环境(称为“织物”)的空间特征,特别是沉积区的已建部分,对大型沉积物的形态具有根本的控制作用。考虑到人造织物对流动驱动的地质灾害形态动力学的影响,这是朝着改进对灾害影响和减少灾害风险的预测进行改进的重要一步。我们确定了在内置和未内置环境中冲洗形态之间的系统相似性和差异,我们将使用简化的数值模型对其进行进一步探讨。我们的发现表明,已建环境(称为“织物”)的空间特征,特别是沉积区的已建部分,对大型沉积物的形态具有根本的控制作用。考虑到人造织物对流动驱动的地质灾害形态动力学的影响,这是朝着改进对灾害影响和减少灾害风险的预测进行改进的重要一步。沉积区的建成部分–对大型沉积物的形式进行基本控制。考虑到人造织物对流动驱动的地质灾害形态动力学的影响,这是朝着改进对灾害影响和减少灾害风险的预测进行改进的重要一步。沉积区的建成部分–对大型沉积物的形式进行基本控制。考虑到人造织物对流动驱动的地质灾害形态动力学的影响,这是朝着改进对灾害影响和减少灾害风险的预测进行改进的重要一步。
更新日期:2021-03-10
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