Previous studies have found that self-awareness can help people to recruit more cognitive resources, while people with more cognitive resources can better buffer the detrimental effects of negative events. However, it is not clear whether self-awareness can directly buffer the consequences of negative feedback (i.e., reducing neural sensitivity to negative feedback). To explore this issue, we used a scrambled sentence task (SST) to manipulate participants' self-awareness (self vs. other) and investigated whether outcome evaluations in a gambling task are modulated by the self-awareness priming. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 27 normal adults performed a gambling task. The ERP analysis focused on the feedback-related negativity (FRN), reward positivity (RewP) and P300 component. We found that the self-awareness priming resulted in a smaller FRN response to the losses compared with the other-awareness priming. There was no significant difference in the RewP response to wins between the self-awareness condition and the other-awareness condition. We also found that the self-awareness condition evoked larger P300 amplitude than the other-awareness condition. The present findings suggest that self-awareness can help people to cope with negative feedback in the early semiautomatic outcome evaluation stage (i.e., reducing neural sensitivity to negative feedback) and enhance top-down evaluation to both positive and negative feedback in the late and deliberate stage, providing direct evidence of the adaptive function of self-awareness on outcome experience.

之前的研究发现，自我意识可以帮助人们招募更多的认知资源，而拥有更多认知资源的人可以更好地缓冲负面事件的不利影响。然而，尚不清楚自我意识是否可以直接缓冲负反馈的后果（即降低神经对负反馈的敏感性）。为了探讨这个问题，我们使用了一个乱句任务 (SST) 来操纵参与者的自我意识（自我与他人），并调查了赌博任务中的结果评估是否受自我意识启动的调节。当 27 名正常成年人执行赌博任务时，记录了事件相关脑电位 (ERP)。ERP 分析侧重于反馈相关的消极性 (FRN)、奖励积极性 (RewP) 和 P300 组件。我们发现，与其他意识启动相比，自我意识启动导致对损失的 FRN 响应更小。自我意识条件和其他意识条件之间对胜利的 RewP 反应没有显着差异。我们还发现自我意识条件比其他意识条件引起更大的 P300 振幅。目前的研究结果表明，自我意识可以帮助人们在早期半自动结果评估阶段应对负面反馈（即降低对负面反馈的神经敏感性），并在后期和深思熟虑中增强对正面和负面反馈的自上而下的评估。阶段，提供了自我意识对结果体验的适应性功能的直接证据。