We quantified the short-range variation (<5 m) of soil texture and total carbon at a 330-ha arable farm in Wisconsin, USA. The farm is located in a young landscape (<12 ky), and geomorphic units include unglaciated parts, outwash plain, end moraine, and a former lacustrine bed. At 100 locations, three soil cores, in a 90-cm triangle configuration, were collected to 90-cm depth. The soil cores were subsampled at 10-cm depth interval (total 2,241 samples). Clay, sand, silt, and total carbon were predicted for all the 2,241 samples using cubist spectral models developed on 25 locations (197 samples) with the vis-NIR and PXRF spectra. The coefficient of variation (CV) of each soil property was calculated for the three cores at each location and at each depth increment. The soil short-range variation was quantified for soils of the four geomorphic units. In addition, within-horizon variation (CVs) of soil properties was calculated. It was found that parent materials affected the short-range variation more than land use. Soils developed from lacustrine deposits had higher sand content and a slightly larger short-range variation for clay and silt content. Soils developed in the outwash plain had large range of CVs in the deep soil. The short-range variation and within-horizon variation were smaller in the A horizons than in the B and C horizons. The short-range variation affected the spatial structure (variograms) of the soil properties. In these young landscapes, short-range variation of soils is substantial and appropriate sampling schemes should be developed. We summarize three strategies for calculating or reducing soil short-range variation: (1) composite sampling, (2) increasing sampling density using proximal sensing instruments, (3) utilize prior information of the study area.

我们对美国威斯康星州330公顷耕地中土壤质地和总碳的短期变化（<5 m）进行了量化。该农场位于年轻的风景区（<12 ky），地貌单元包括未冰川的部分，冲刷的平原，冰end末和以前的湖床。在100个位置处，收集了90厘米深度的三个90厘米三角形三角形的土壤核心。以10厘米深度的间隔对土壤核心进行二次采样（总共2,241个样本）。使用在vis-NIR和PXRF光谱上在25个位置（197个样品）建立的立体光谱模型，对所有2,241个样品的粘土，沙子，粉砂和总碳进行了预测。计算了每个位置和每个深度增量处的三个岩心的每种土壤特性的变异系数（CV）。量化了四个地貌单元土壤的短程变化。此外，还计算了土壤特性的地平线内变化（CV）。发现母材料对短程变化的影响大于土地利用。由湖相沉积物发育的土壤含沙量较高，而粘土和淤泥含量的短程变化略大。冲积平原上发育的土壤在深层土壤中具有较大的CV。A层的短距离变化和地平线内变化小于B层和C层的变化。短程变化影响土壤特性的空间结构（变异函数）。在这些年轻的景观中，土壤的短时变化很大，应制定适当的采样方案。