The energy consumption in the built environment represents one of the major contributors of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. This leads to the need for a transition in the building sector and the introduction of policies that pursue high efficiency in residential and non-residential buildings with an increasing share of renewables. The benefit of the use of thermal energy storage is widely recognized to increase the efficiency of energy systems in different building typologies, to help in the introduction of renewable energies in buildings and to reduce the energy demand needed for heating and cooling. Nowadays, different thermal energy storage technologies are available, including sensible, latent, and sorption and chemical reactions (also called thermochemical) energy storage. Although in the past twenty years, the scientific literature showed an increasing trend in the research of thermal energy storage integrated to the building sector, it was only in recent years that this concept was extended to the built environment, which includes residential and non-residential buildings, districts, and urban networks. This paper provides a comprehensive review and classification of thermal energy storage technologies applied in the built environment considering the trends and the future perspective of the past and current research.

建筑环境中的能耗是向大气排放碳的主要因素之一。这导致需要在建筑领域进行过渡，并出台了在可再生能源份额不断增加的住宅和非住宅建筑中追求高效率的政策。使用热能存储的好处已得到广泛认可，可以提高不同建筑物类型中能源系统的效率，有助于在建筑物中引入可再生能源，并减少供暖和制冷所需的能源需求。如今，可以使用不同的热能存储技术，包括明智的，潜在的以及吸附和化学反应（也称为热化学）能量存储。尽管在过去的二十年中 科学文献显示了集成到建筑领域的热能存储研究的趋势不断增加，直到近几年，这一概念才扩展到建筑环境，包括住宅和非住宅建筑，区域和城市网络。本文结合过去和当前研究的趋势和未来观点，对建筑环境中应用的热能存储技术进行了全面的回顾和分类。