Environmental factors and human disturbance can affect the richness and diversity of soil fauna and nutrients. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the soil faunal community composition and N distribution and the relationships between them in different land use types in the Loess region of China. In this study, we assessed the correlation between these factors and their variation among three land use types: woodland, grassland, and abandoned land. The results revealed Formicidae (34.9%), Isopoda (26.1%), and Lumbricidae (11.2%) to be the dominant groups of soil fauna in the Loess area. The soil faunal community composition was related to both the soil and land use types (p < 0.05). The effects of different land use types on soil physicochemical properties change the community distribution of soil fauna, thus, affecting the role of soil faunae in the N cycle. The differences in soil organic matter, soil moisture content, and bulk density affect the composition of the soil faunal community. The diversity index of soil faunae in the three land use types was the highest in woodland (0.59–2.31) and the lowest in abandoned land (0.41–1.92). The contents of total N, nitrate N, ammonium N, and microbial biomass N were the highest in woodland followed by grassland and abandoned land. Redundancy analysis indicated significant positive correlations between individuals of Lumbricidae and NH₄⁺-N, individuals of Stylommatophora and NO₃⁻-N, individuals of Acariformes and total N, and individuals of Isoptera and microbial biomass N. Different land use types, therefore, alter the diversity and richness of the soil faunae in the Loess region, and the soil faunal community composition plays a significant role in promoting the content of different N forms in the soil environment.