It has been shown that idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children is associated with cerebral hyperemia, which induces an increase in cerebral venous pressure. The current literature suggests venous pressure scales with blood flow in a linear fashion, however, a linear relationship would not raise the pressure high enough to induce IIH. There is, however, some evidence to suggest that this relationship could be quadratic in nature. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between cerebral blood flow and the pressure drop across the cerebral venous system. 10 CT venogram data sets were collected for this study, with 5 useable geometries created. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were generated using these geometries, with 10 simulations conducted per patient. The flow rates tested ranged from 200 mL/min to 2000 mL/min. 3D pressure and velocity streamline distributions were created and analyzed for each CFD model, with pressure drops across the cerebral venous system determined. The effective and hydraulic diameters were determined at the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus and both proximal and distal sigmoid sinuses. A quadratic relationship between blood flow and sinus pressure was found, with correlations of 0.99 or above in all five patients. The presence of vortical blood flow was found to explain this trend, with fluid curl and pressure drop correlations being above 0.97. This suggests that the presence of high blood flow should be considered in the diagnostic workup of IIH. The cerebral venous sinus blood flow and pressure response relationship are quadratic in nature, with the major cause of this being the degree of rotation induced in the flow. The elevated blood flow found in children with IIH can explain the increased ICP that is found, secondary to the increase in venous pressure that develops.

中文翻译：

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脑血流量与静脉窦压的关系：充血会诱发特发性颅内高压吗？

研究表明，儿童特发性颅内高压 (IIH) 与脑充血有关，脑充血会导致脑静脉压升高。目前的文献表明静脉压力与血流量呈线性关系，然而，线性关系不会将压力升高到足以诱发 IIH。然而，有一些证据表明这种关系在本质上可能是二次的。本文的目的是表征脑血流量与脑静脉系统压降之间的关系。本研究收集了 10 个 CT 静脉图数据集，创建了 5 个可用的几何图形。计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模型是使用这些几何形状生成的，每个患者进行 10 次模拟。测试的流速范围为 200 mL/min 至 2000 mL/min。为每个 CFD 模型创建和分析了 3D 压力和速度流线分布，并确定了脑静脉系统的压降。在上矢状窦、横窦和近端和远端乙状窦确定有效直径和水力直径。发现血流量和窦压之间存在二次关系，所有 5 名患者的相关性均为 0.99 或以上。发现涡流血流的存在可以解释这种趋势，流体卷曲和压降相关性高于 0.97。这表明在 IIH 的诊断检查中应考虑高血流的存在。脑静脉窦血流量和压力反应关系本质上是二次方的，造成这种情况的主要原因是流动中引起的旋转程度。在患有 IIH 的儿童中发现的血流量升高可以解释所发现的 ICP 增加，继发于静脉压的增加。