ABSTRACT: Management of species with wide-ranging migrations is a complex issue, made more challenging when the species is both protected and poses a risk to humans. Understanding the oceanic conditions associated with shark habitat use can help develop mitigation strategies or warning systems that meet both conservation and human safety objectives. Using satellite tracks from 77 juvenile and sub-adult white sharks tagged over 10 yr, we modelled individual movement patterns using hidden Markov models and applied generalised additive (mixed) models to explore correlations between movement patterns (presence-absence, habitat selection and behavioural state) and oceanographic and bathymetric variables. White sharks used the whole of the continental shelf, down to depths of 350 m on the continental slope. Sharks were present over a wide range of sea surface temperatures (SSTs; 10-27°C), with the highest probability of occurring at ~20°C. However, the number of average daily tag positions was greatest when SST was between 14 and 18°C, and sharks were more likely to exhibit area-restricted movement when SST was between ~19 and 23°C. Sharks were more likely to be present and selected habitats in productive areas with moderate to high surface chl a concentrations as well as thermal and productivity fronts. Although mesoscale eddies did not influence the likelihood of individuals being present in an area, there was a higher density of sharks in cold-core eddies compared to warm-core eddies. This study indicates that white shark presence and dispersal may be linked, perhaps via prey distribution, to oceanic conditions, potentially assisting development of suitable shark bite mitigation strategies.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚东部与白鲨（Carcharodon carcharias）栖息地相关的海洋学条件

摘要：具有广泛迁徙的物种的管理是一个复杂的问题，当该物种既受到保护又对人类构成威胁时，将面临更大的挑战。了解与鲨鱼栖息地使用相关的海洋条件可以帮助制定既能达到保护目标又能达到人类安全目标的缓解策略或预警系统。我们使用来自10年以上标签的77条少年和亚成年白鲨的卫星轨道，我们使用隐马尔可夫模型对单个运动模式进行建模，并应用广义加性（混合）模型来探索运动模式（存在，不存在，栖息地选择和行为状态）之间的相关性）以及海洋学和测深变量。白鲨在整个大陆架上都使用过，直到大陆斜坡的深度达到350 m。鲨鱼存在于广泛的海表温度（SSTs; 10-27°C）中，最可能发生在20°C左右。但是，当SST在14到18°C之间时，平均每日标签位置数量最多，而在SST在〜19到23°C之间时，鲨鱼更有可能表现出区域限制的移动。鲨鱼更可能出现在中度到高表层生长期的生产地区一个浓度以及热和生产力方面。尽管中尺度涡流不会影响某个区域中个人的存在可能性，但冷核涡流中的鲨鱼密度要比热核涡流高。这项研究表明，白鲨的存在和散布可能通过猎物的分布与海洋条件有关，可能有助于制定适当的鲨鱼咬伤缓解策略。