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Urban Municipal Solid Waste management: Modeling air pollution scenarios and health impacts in the case of Accra, Ghana
Waste Management ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.005
Gina Kanhai , Julius N. Fobil , Betty A. Nartey , Joseph V. Spadaro , Pierpaolo Mudu

Despite the clear link between air pollution and health, research to investigate the relationship between municipal solid waste management and air pollution and health has not been prioritized. Such research may generate scientific information that would help reduce population exposure to air pollutants. This paper examines the case study of Accra in Ghana, a city dealing with serious waste management problems. The paper proposes a methodology to estimate the impact of waste management on urban air pollution and health. The analysis is described in the following four steps: (1) collecting data on the waste sector; (2) modeling the emissions arising from waste management; (3) transforming emissions to concentration values and (4) estimating the burdens on health. The assessment has been conducted using the CCAC SWEET tool and WHO AirQ+. The method presented can be used in different locations, depending on data availability, when analyzing the impact of and potential changes to waste sector policies. The results of this health impact assessment indicate that, based on the emissions of PM2.5 from the waste sector in Accra, a change from the business-as-usual to more sustainable options would reduce air pollutants emissions and avert 120 premature deaths in 2030. Levels of air pollution in Accra are significant and interventions to reduce PM2.5 exposure should be promoted. The detailed analysis of the current situation provides suggestions for waste management policies in terms of impacts on health and ideas to reconsider the waste policies in Accra.



中文翻译:

城市市政固体废物管理:以加纳阿克拉为例,模拟空气污染情景和健康影响

尽管空气污染与健康之间有着明确的联系,但研究城市固体废物管理与空气污染与健康之间关系的研究尚未得到优先考虑。此类研究可能会产生有助于减少人口接触空气污染物的科学信息。本文研究了加纳阿克拉的案例研究,该城市处理严重的废物管理问题。本文提出了一种方法来估算废物管理对城市空气污染和健康的影响。分析过程分为以下四个步骤:(1)收集有关废物部门的数据;(2)模拟废物管理产生的排放;(3)将排放量转换为浓度值,(4)估计健康负担。评估是使用CCAC SWEET工具和WHO WHOQ +进行的。在分析废物部门政策的影响和潜在变化时,可以根据数据的可用性在不同的位置使用所介绍的方法。这项健康影响评估的结果表明,基于颗粒物的排放如果从阿克拉的废物部门获得2.5的排放量,则从常规方式转变为更具可持续性的选择将减少空气污染物的排放,并在2030年避免120例过早死亡。阿克拉的空气污染水平很高,因此应采取减少PM 2.5暴露的干预措施被提升。对当前情况的详细分析从对健康的影响和重新考虑阿克拉的废物政策的角度为废物管理政策提供了建议。

更新日期:2021-02-04
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