Internet of Things has been growing, due to which the number of user requests on fog computing layer has also increased. Fog works in a real-time environment and offers from connected devices need to be processed immediately. With the increase in users requests on fog layer, virtual machines (VMs) at fog layer become overloaded. Load balancing mechanism can distribute load among all the VMs in equal proportion. It has become a necessity in the fog layer to equally, and equitably distribute all the workload among the existing VMs in the segment. Till now, many load balancing techniques have been proposed for fog computing. An empirical study of existing methods in load balancing have been conducted, and taxonomy has been presented in a hierarchical form. Besides, the article contains the year-wise comprehensive review and summary of research articles published in the area of load balancing from 2013 to 2020. Furthermore, article also contains our proposed fog computing architecture to resolve load balancing problem. It also covers current issues and challenges that can be resolved in future research works. The paper concludes by providing future directions.

物联网一直在增长，因此雾计算层上的用户请求数量也增加了。雾在实时环境中工作，需要立即处理连接设备的报价。随着雾层上用户需求的增加，雾层上的虚拟机（VM）变得过载。负载均衡机制可以在所有虚拟机之间平均分配负载。在雾层中，必须均衡地在网段中的现有VM之间平均分配所有工作负载。到目前为止，已经提出了许多用于雾计算的负载平衡技术。对负载平衡中现有方法进行了实证研究，并以分层形式提出了分类法。除了，本文包含了2013年至2020年在负载均衡领域发表的年度研究综述和摘要。此外，本文还包含我们提出的雾计算架构以解决负载均衡问题。它还涵盖了可以在将来的研究工作中解决的当前问题和挑战。本文最后提供了未来的方向。