This research assessed the efficacy of UV and UV advanced oxidation processes (UV/AOPs) to reduce dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and microorganisms in hydraulic fracturing produced water. To improve water quality conditions before UV treatment with and without added hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), produced water was treated with coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation (CFS) and biologically activated carbon filtration (BACF). BACF was more effective than CFS as a pre-UV and UV/AOP treatment strategy and reduced DOC, TPH, and absorbing species by over 70% which, subsequently, resulted in the highest hydroxyl radical steady-state concentrations during UV and UV/H₂O₂ experiments. UV alone minimally degraded DOC, while UV/H₂O₂ improved DOC and TPH degradation by 9% to 36%. Interestingly, UV without added H₂O₂ created an in situ AOP by generating hydroxyl radicals with similar steady-state concentrations to that of UV/H₂O₂. UV was found to be highly effective for the inactivation of microorganisms that were cultured in produced water by reducing microbial communities dominated by Citrobacter by 4 logs after only 30 mJ/cm². Together, these results demonstrate UV/AOP as a potential strategy to not only improve the treatment and reuse of produced water but also reduce biocide use in fracturing fluids.

中文翻译：

---

水力压裂采出水处理和回用的紫外线消毒和高级氧化工艺评估

这项研究评估了UV和UV高级氧化工艺（UV / AOP）减少水力压裂采出水中溶解的有机碳（DOC），总石油烃（TPH）和微生物的功效。为了改善在进行紫外线处理（添加和不添加过氧化氢（UV / H ₂ O ₂））之前的水质条件，对采出水进行凝结，絮凝和沉淀（CFS）和生物活性炭过滤（BACF）处理。BACF比CFS更有效，可作为UV-UV和UV / AOP之前的处理策略，并且将DOC，TPH和吸收物质减少70％以上，随后在UV和UV / H期间产生最高的羟基自由基稳态浓度₂ O ₂实验。单独的紫外线可使DOC降解最小，而UV / H ₂ O ₂可使DOC和TPH降解降低9％至36％。有趣的是，UV没有加入的H ₂ ö ₂创建的原位通过产生具有类似稳态浓度到UV / H的羟基自由基AOP ₂ Ò ₂。发现紫外线对于灭活在采出水中培养的微生物非常有效，方法是在仅30 mJ / cm ²的作用下，将以柠檬酸杆菌为主导的微生物群落减少4^个对数。总之，这些结果表明，UV / AOP是一种潜在的策略，不仅可以改善采出水的处理和再利用，还可以减少压裂液中杀菌剂的使用。