We examined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of simulated food waste over a wide range of temperatures (200–600 °C), pressures (10.2–35.7 MPa), biomass loadings (2–20 wt %), and times (1–33 min). These conditions included water as vapor, saturated liquid, compressed liquid, and supercritical fluid and explored both isothermal and fast HTL. The highest biocrude yields (∼30 wt %) were from HTL near the critical temperature. The most severe reaction conditions (600 °C, 35.3 MPa, 30 min) gave biocrude with the largest heating value (36.5 MJ/kg) and transfer of up to 50% of the nitrogen and 68% of the phosphorus in the food mixture into the aqueous phase. Energy recovery in the biocrude exceeded 65% under multiple reaction conditions. Saturated fatty acids were the most abundant compounds in the light biocrude fraction under all the reaction conditions. Isothermal HTL gave a higher fraction of heavy compounds than fast HTL. A kinetic model for HTL of microalgae predicted 2/3 of the experimental biocrude yields from HTL of food waste to within ±5 wt %, and nearly 90% to within ±10 wt %. This predictive ability supports the hypothesis that biochemical composition of the feedstock is important input for a predictive HTL model.

中文翻译：

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工艺变量对通过水热液化进行厨余平衡的影响

我们在广泛的温度（200–600°C），压力（10.2–35.7 MPa），生物质负荷（2–20 wt％）和时间（1–33分钟）的范围内检查了模拟食物垃圾的水热液化（HTL） ）。这些条件包括水蒸气，饱和液体，压缩液体和超临界流体，并探索了等温和快速HTL。在临界温度附近，HTL的最高生物粗品得率（约30 wt％）。最苛刻的反应条件（600°C，35.3 MPa，30分钟）使生物粗品具有最大的热值（36.5 MJ / kg），并将食物混合物中多达50％的氮和68％的磷转移至水相。在多个反应条件下，生物原油中的能量回收率超过65％。在所有反应条件下，饱和脂肪酸是轻质生物原油馏分中最丰富的化合物。与快速HTL相比，等温HTL产生的重质化合物比例更高。微藻HTL的动力学模型预测，食物垃圾HTL的2/3实验生物粗品得率在±5 wt％之内，而近90％在±10 wt％之内。这种预测能力支持以下假设：原料的生化成分是预测HTL模型的重要输入。