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Effects of protein source and lipid supplementation on conservation and feed value of total mixed ration silages for finishing beef cattle
Journal of Animal Science ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 , DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab032
Gustavo Lazzari 1 , Amanda C O Poppi 1 , Juliana Machado 1 , Antonio V I Bueno 1 , Ana L M Gomes 1 , Clóves C Jobim 1 , João L P Daniel 1
Affiliation  

The objective of this study was to examine the conservation process and feed value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages. In exp. 1, we evaluated the fermentation pattern and aerobic stability of TMR silages containing different protein and lipid supplementations. In exp. 2, we compared the performance of finishing beef heifers fed those TMR silages. In both experiments, treatments were as follows: ensiled TMR with urea (U); ensiled TMR without a protein supplement at ensiling, but soybean meal supplemented at feeding to balance diet crude protein (CP) in exp. 2 (SMnf; where the acronym nf indicates nonfermented); ensiled TMR with soybean meal (SM); and ensiled TMR with rolled soybean grain (SG). Thirty-two Nellore heifers (313 ± 8.8 kg shrunk body weight [SBW]) were blocked by initial SBW, housed in individual pens, and enrolled in exp. 2 for 82 d. In exp. 1, treatment without a protein supplement (SMnf) had a lower content of CP, soluble CP, NH3-N, pH, and Clostridium count compared with U (P ≤ 0.03). Lactic acid concentrations tended to be reduced for SMnf compared with U (P = 0.09). Ethanol concentration was reduced in SG compared with SM (P < 0.01). 1,2-Propanediol concentration was increased in SMnf compared with U (P < 0.01), reduced in SM compared with SMnf (P = 0.02), and increased in SG compared with SM (P = 0.02). Dry matter (DM) loss during fermentation was low and similar among treatments (~3.7%). All silages remained stable during 10 d of aerobic exposure after feed out. Considering fermentation traits, such as pH (≤4.72), NH3-N (<10% of N, except for U treatment), butyric acid (<0.05 % DM), and DM losses (<3.70% DM), all silages can be considered well conserved. In exp. 2, diets were isonitrogenous because soybean meal was added to SMnf before feeding. Compared with SM, cattle fed SG made more meals per day (P = 0.04) and tended to have a decreased intermeal interval (P = 0.09). DM intake, average daily gain, final SBW, hot carcass weight, Biceps femoris fat thickness, and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were increased for SG compared with SM (P ≤ 0.05). In brief, TMR silages exhibited an adequate fermentation pattern and high aerobic stability. The supplementation of true protein did not improve animal performance, whereas the addition of soybean grain as a lipid source improved the performance of finishing cattle fed TMR silages.

中文翻译:

蛋白源和脂质补充对肥育肉牛全混合日粮青贮贮藏及饲料价值的影响

本研究的目的是检查全混合日粮 (TMR) 青贮饲料的保存过程和饲料价值。在 exp。如图 1 所示,我们评估了含有不同蛋白质和脂质补充剂的 TMR 青贮饲料的发酵模式和需氧稳定性。在 exp。2,我们比较了饲喂这些 TMR 青贮饲料的牛肉小母牛的性能。在这两个实验中,处理如下:用尿素 (U) 青贮 TMR;青贮 TMR 在青贮时不添加蛋白质,但在饲喂时添加豆粕以平衡 exp 中的日粮粗蛋白 (CP)。2(SMnf;其中首字母缩写词 nf 表示未发酵);青贮 TMR 与豆粕 (SM);和青贮 TMR 与轧制大豆谷物 (SG)。32 头 Nellore 小母牛(313 ± 8.8 kg 缩小体重 [SBW])被初始 SBW 阻止,安置在单独的围栏中,并参加 exp。2 为 82 天。在 exp。如图 1 所示,与 U 相比,无蛋白质补充剂 (SMnf) 的 CP、可溶性 CP、NH3-N、pH 和梭状芽胞杆菌计数含量较低 (P ≤ 0.03)。与 U 相比,SMnf 的乳酸浓度倾向于降低(P = 0.09)。与 SM 相比,SG 中的乙醇浓度降低(P < 0.01)。与 U 相比,SMnf 中的 1,2-丙二醇浓度增加(P < 0.01),与 SMnf 相比,SM 中的 1,2-丙二醇浓度降低(P = 0.02),与 SM 相比,SG 中的 1,2-丙二醇浓度增加(P = 0.02)。发酵过程中的干物质 (DM) 损失很低,并且在处理中相似 (~3.7%)。所有青贮饲料在饲喂后的 10 d 有氧暴露期间保持稳定。考虑发酵性状,例如 pH (≤4.72)、NH3-N (<10% 的 N,U 处理除外)、丁酸 (<0.05% DM) 和 DM 损失 (<3.70% DM),所有的青贮饲料都可以认为是保存完好的。在 exp。2,日粮是等氮的,因为豆粕是在饲喂前添加到 SMnf 中的。与 SM 相比,饲喂 SG 的牛每天进餐更多(P = 0.04),并且倾向于减少中间间隔(P = 0.09)。与 SM 相比,SG 的 DM 摄入量、平均日增重、最终 SBW、热胴体重量、股二头肌脂肪厚度以及血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平增加(P ≤ 0.05)。简而言之,TMR 青贮饲料表现出足够的发酵模式和高的需氧稳定性。添加真正的蛋白质并没有改善动物的生产性能,而添加大豆籽粒作为脂质来源改善了饲喂 TMR 青贮饲料的牛的育成性能。与 SM 相比,饲喂 SG 的牛每天进餐更多(P = 0.04),并且倾向于减少中间间隔(P = 0.09)。与 SM 相比,SG 的 DM 摄入量、平均日增重、最终 SBW、热胴体重量、股二头肌脂肪厚度以及血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平增加(P ≤ 0.05)。简而言之,TMR 青贮饲料表现出足够的发酵模式和高的需氧稳定性。添加真正的蛋白质并没有改善动物的生产性能,而添加大豆籽粒作为脂质来源改善了饲喂 TMR 青贮饲料的牛的育成性能。与 SM 相比,饲喂 SG 的牛每天进餐更多(P = 0.04),并且倾向于减少中间间隔(P = 0.09)。与 SM 相比,SG 的 DM 摄入量、平均日增重、最终 SBW、热胴体重量、股二头肌脂肪厚度以及血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平增加(P ≤ 0.05)。简而言之,TMR 青贮饲料表现出足够的发酵模式和高的需氧稳定性。添加真正的蛋白质并没有改善动物的生产性能,而添加大豆籽粒作为脂质来源改善了饲喂 TMR 青贮饲料的牛的育成性能。与 SM 相比,SG 的血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平升高(P ≤ 0.05)。简而言之,TMR 青贮饲料表现出足够的发酵模式和高的需氧稳定性。添加真正的蛋白质并没有改善动物的生产性能,而添加大豆籽粒作为脂质来源改善了饲喂 TMR 青贮饲料的牛的育成性能。与 SM 相比,SG 的血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平升高(P ≤ 0.05)。简而言之,TMR 青贮饲料表现出足够的发酵模式和高的需氧稳定性。添加真正的蛋白质并没有改善动物的生产性能,而添加大豆籽粒作为脂质来源改善了饲喂 TMR 青贮饲料的牛的育成性能。
更新日期:2021-02-05
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