ABSTRACT

Commemorations of William Shakespeare have always been multimedial ideological constructs with particular aims and purposes in different cultures and contexts at different times. Shakespeare commemorations have been instrumental in the creation of the cultural capital that is attached to Shakespeare today. This essay traces some significant Shakespeare commemorations since the eighteenth century, beginning with David Garrick's Shakespeare Jubilee of 1769. From the commemorations of 1864, the tercentenary of Shakespeare's birth, it goes on to trace Shakespeare commemorations particularly in the United Kingdom and Germany in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, after World War II, Shakespeare commemorations became ever more globalised in a world dominated by the Cold War and the Western hegemony of the anglosphere, in particular the USA. With its split in 1963, just before the quadricentenary, the German Shakespeare Society followed the split of Germany on the frontier between the Western and Eastern political blocks. After the end of the Cold War, the Shakespeare cult and industry of the 21st century instigate even more globalised commemorations that compete with each other and that arguably result, for instance at the 450th anniversary in 2014, in an excess of commemorations, both in academia and in popular culture.

摘要

威廉·莎士比亚的纪念活动一直是具有不同目的和目的，在不同文化和环境下在不同时期具有特定目的的多媒体意识形态建构。莎士比亚的纪念活动在今天附属于莎士比亚的文化之都的创建中发挥了重要作用。本文追溯了自18世纪以来莎士比亚的一些重大纪念活动，始于戴维·加里克（David Garrick）的莎士比亚禧年（1769年）。从莎士比亚诞辰100周年的1864年纪念日起，它一直追溯到莎士比亚的纪念活动，尤其是在十九世纪的英国和德国。世纪。在20世纪，第二次世界大战之后，莎士比亚的纪念活动在以冷战和西方霸权主义为主的世界中变得更加全球化，特别是美国。随着1963年四分之一世纪的分裂，德国莎士比亚学会跟随德国在西方和东方政治地区之间的边界分裂。冷战结束后，二十一世纪的莎士比亚邪教组织和工业界发起了更加全球化的纪念活动，这些纪念活动相互竞争，并且可以说是例如在2014年450周年纪念日，在学术界都出现了过多的纪念活动和流行文化。