Self-employment is a geographical phenomenon influenced by national and regional contexts. However, the study of both contexts combined is scarce in the literature on the formation of regional clusters. Using panel data from the USA for 1998-2018, we perform different techniques to study both contexts combined, including exploratory spatial data analysis and dynamic spatial estimations. We find evidence of spatial dependence of selfemployment rates, although it has decreased over time. Results also suggest that most of the spatial dependence is explained by the clusters of regions with low entrepreneurship activity, and that clusters formed by highly entrepreneurial regions are the most sensitive to fluctuations in the national selfemployment rate.

中文翻译：

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从热到冷：美国个体经营的空间分析

自雇是一​​种受国家和地区环境影响的地理现象。然而，在关于区域集群形成的文献中，对这两种情况的结合研究很少。使用来自美国 1998-2018 年的面板数据，我们执行不同的技术来研究结合的两种上下文，包括探索性空间数据分析和动态空间估计。我们发现了自雇率空间依赖性的证据，尽管它随着时间的推移而下降。结果还表明，大部分空间依赖是由创业活动低的地区集群解释的，而高创业地区形成的集群对全国自雇率的波动最敏感。