Besides firm-level resources and industrial influences, firms’ strategies have been related to their institutional contexts. Empirical studies have investigated survival strategies in international environments where institutional voids, barriers and violence have had independent influences.

This study is the first to analyse strategies in circumstances that combine all these negative challenges. In the Palestinian mobile phone industry, a surviving MNE has faced not only violence, voids and institutional barriers imposed by three different governments, but also the liability of foreignness and its associated uncertainties.

In a highly uncertain environment, it is found that being a MNE brings benefits as well as liabilities of foreignness. Furthermore, this MNE discloses many strategic responses to institutional challenges that are associated with positive outcomes, even in a most extreme Palestinian environment that produces the most propitious circumstances for negative responses and outcomes.

除了公司层面的资源和产业影响力之外，公司的战略还与他们的机构环境有关。经验研究调查了制度空白，障碍和暴力具有独立影响的国际环境中的生存策略。

这项研究是第一个分析结合了所有这些负面挑战的情况下的策略的研究。在巴勒斯坦手机行业中，幸存的跨国企业不仅面临着三个不同政府施加的暴力，空白和体制性障碍，而且还面临着外国责任及其相关的不确定性。

在高度不确定的环境中，人们发现，作为一家跨国公司，既带来利益，也带来外国责任。而且，即使在最极端的巴勒斯坦环境下，最不利的应对和结果环境产生的情况下，该跨国公司也披露了对与积极成果相关的机构挑战的许多战略应对措施。