A revamped interest in the study of hallucinogens has recently emerged, especially with regard to their potential application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In the last decade, a plethora of preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of depression. More recently, emerging evidence has pointed out the potential therapeutic properties of psilocybin and LSD, as well as their ability to modulate functional brain connectivity. Moreover, MDMA, a compound belonging to the family of entactogens, has been demonstrated to be useful to treat post-traumatic stress disorders. In this review, the pharmacology of hallucinogenic compounds is summarized by underscoring the differences between psychedelic and nonpsychedelic hallucinogens as well as entactogens, and their behavioral effects in both animals and humans are described. Together, these data substantiate the potentials of these compounds in treating mental diseases.

最近出现了对致幻剂研究的新兴趣，特别是关于它们在治疗精神疾病方面的潜在应用。在过去十年中，大量的临床前和临床研究证实了氯胺酮治疗抑郁症的疗效。最近，新出现的证据指出了裸盖菇素和 LSD 的潜在治疗特性，以及它们调节功能性大脑连接的能力。此外，MDMA 是一种属于 entactogens 家族的化合物，已被证明可用于治疗创伤后应激障碍。在这篇综述中，致幻化合物的药理学通过强调迷幻和非迷幻致幻剂以及致幻剂之间的差异进行总结，并描述了它们对动物和人类的行为影响。总之，这些数据证实了这些化合物在治疗精神疾病方面的潜力。