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Impacts of multiple pollutants on pollinator activity in road verges
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13844
Benjamin B. Phillips 1 , James M. Bullock 2 , Kevin J. Gaston 1 , Karen A. Hudson‐Edwards 1 , Meg Bamford 1 , Dave Cruse 1 , Lynn V. Dicks 3, 4 , Carmen Falagan 1 , Claire Wallace 3 , Juliet L. Osborne 1
Affiliation  

  1. To tackle pollinator declines, there is a major need to increase the quantity of flower‐rich habitats. Road verges offer one such opportunity but are exposed to diverse forms of pollution from roads and road traffic.
  2. We carried out a broad initial assessment to establish if and how pollution affects the quality of road verges as pollinator foraging environments. We assessed the spatial distribution of pollution, flowers and pollinators in road verges, then used field experiments to simulate and measure the impacts of four ubiquitous and little studied forms of road pollution (noise, turbulence, dust and metals) on pollinator densities and foraging behaviour.
  3. We found that pollinators in road verges were exposed to noise, turbulence, dust and metal pollution, which decreased with distance from the road edge but, with the exception of turbulence, extended more than 8 m into road verges.
  4. Pollinator densities were lower closer to the road edge—particularly within first 2 m (55% lower than at 7–9 m)—where pollution is greatest. This was despite a similar density and species richness of flowers.
  5. Simulated turbulence deterred pollinators by causing intermittent disturbance (reducing visit duration by up to 54%), and some pollinator taxa preferentially avoided concentrations of metals that were more frequently found in flowers within 2 m of roads (resulting in up to 75% fewer visits), while noise and dust had no apparent effect.
  6. Synthesis and applications. Pollinators in road verges are exposed to many forms of pollution, and we found impacts of roadside‐realistic levels of turbulence and metals on pollinator densities and foraging behaviour. Although the findings suggest that road verges are largely suitable for pollinator conservation, management enhancements should prioritise areas more than 2 m from the road edge, and verges along roads with relatively lower traffic densities.


中文翻译:

道路边缘多种污染物对传粉媒介活动的影响

  1. 为了解决传粉媒介数量减少的问题,主要需要增加花朵丰富的栖息地的数量。道路边缘提供了这样一种机会,但容易受到道路和道路交通的多种形式的污染。
  2. 我们进行了广泛的初步评估,以确定污染是否以及如何影响授粉觅食环境中道路边缘的质量。我们评估了道路边缘的污染,花卉和传粉媒介的空间分布,然后使用野外实验来模拟和测量四种普遍存在且很少研究的道路污染(噪声,湍流,灰尘和金属)对传粉媒介密度和觅食行为的影响。 。
  3. 我们发现,道路边缘的传粉者受到噪声,湍流,灰尘和金属污染的影响,这些噪声随与道路边缘的距离的增加而降低,但除湍流外,传粉器延伸到道路边缘的距离超过8 m。
  4. 靠近道路边缘的传粉媒介密度较低,尤其是在头2 m以内(比7–9 m处低55%),这是污染最大的地方。尽管花的密度和物种丰富度相似。
  5. 模拟的湍流会引起间歇性干扰(使访视时间减少多达54%),从而阻止了授粉媒介,某些授粉媒介类群优先避免了2 m道路上的花朵中更常见的金属浓度(最多减少了75%的访视) ,而噪音和灰尘则没有明显影响。
  6. 综合与应用。道路边缘的授粉媒介受到多种形式的污染,我们发现路边真实的湍流和金属水平对授粉媒介的密度和觅食行为产生了影响。尽管研究结果表明道路边缘大体上适合传粉媒介保护,但加强管理应优先考虑距道路边缘2 m以上的区域,并沿交通密度相对较低的道路进行边缘化。
更新日期:2021-02-03
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