Objective

To evaluate the effects and utility of tiletamine–zolazepam–medetomidine (TZM) and ketamine–medetomidine (KM) for anesthesia of Amur leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus).

Study design

Prospective, randomized experimental trial.

Animals

A total of six female (3.70 ± 0.49 kg) and six male (5.03 ± 0.44 kg; mean ± standard deviation) Amur leopard cats aged 2–6 years.

Methods

Each animal was administered four protocols separated by ≥3 weeks. Each protocol included medetomidine (0.05 mg kg^–1) combined with tiletamine–zolazepam (1 mg kg^–1; protocol MTZ_LO); tiletamine–zolazepam (2 mg kg^–1; protocol MTZ_HI); ketamine (2 mg kg^–1; protocol MK_LO); or ketamine (4 mg kg^–1; MK_HI) administered intramuscularly. At time 0 (onset of lateral recumbency) and 30 minutes, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R), rectal temperature, noninvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were recorded. Times to onset of lateral recumbency, duration of anesthesia and time to standing were recorded.

Results

Overall, animals were anesthetized with all protocols within 10 minutes, anesthesia was maintained ≥57 minutes, and recovery (time from the first head lift to standing) was completed within 5 minutes. During anesthesia with all protocols, HR, f_R, rectal temperature, SpO₂ and MAP were 99–125 beats minute^–1, 33–44 breaths minute^–1, 37.6–39.4 °C, 90–95% and 152–177 mmHg, respectively. No adverse event was observed.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

TZM and KM at various dosages resulted in rapid onset of anesthesia, duration of >57 minutes and rapid recovery without administration of an antagonist. Accordingly, all these combinations are useful for anesthetizing Amur leopard cats and for performing simple procedures. However, the low doses of the anesthetic agents are recommended because there was no difference in duration of anesthesia between the dose rates studied.

中文翻译：

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替勒他明-唑拉西泮-美托咪定或氯胺酮-美托咪定对圈养阿穆尔豹猫（Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus）的麻醉效果比较

客观的

评估替他明-唑拉西泮-美托咪定 (TZM) 和氯胺酮-美托咪定 (KM) 对阿穆尔豹猫 ( Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus )麻醉的效果和效用。

学习规划

前瞻性随机实验试验。

动物

总共 6 只雌性 (3.70 ± 0.49 kg) 和 6 只雄性 (5.03 ± 0.44 kg；平均值 ± 标准差) 2-6 岁的阿穆尔豹猫。

方法

每只动物接受四个协议，间隔≥3 周。每个方案包括美托咪定（0.05 mg kg ^–1）联合替他明-唑拉西泮（1 mg kg ^–1；MTZ _{LO 方案}）；替他明-唑拉西泮（2 mg kg ^–1；MTZ _HI协议）；氯胺酮（2 mg kg ^–1；协议 MK _LO）；或氯胺酮 (4 mg kg ^–1 ; MK _HI ) 肌肉注射。在时间 0（侧卧开始）和 30 分钟时，心率 (HR)、呼吸频率 ( f _R )、直肠温度、无创平均动脉压 (MAP) 和血红蛋白氧饱和度 (SpO ₂) 被记录下来。记录开始侧卧的时间、麻醉持续时间和站立时间。

结果

总体而言，动物在 10 分钟内用所有方案麻醉，麻醉维持≥57 分钟，恢复（从第一次抬起头到站立的时间）在 5 分钟内完成。在与所有的协议，HR，麻醉˚F _{- [R} ，直肠温度，血氧饱和度₂和MAP是99-125分钟节拍^-1，33-44次呼吸分钟^-1，37.6-39.4℃，90-95％和152-177毫米汞柱， 分别。没有观察到不良事件。

结论和临床相关性

不同剂量的 TZM 和 KM 导致麻醉快速起效，持续时间 > 57 分钟，无需使用拮抗剂即可快速恢复。因此，所有这些组合都可用于麻醉阿穆尔豹猫和执行简单的程序。然而，建议使用低剂量的麻醉剂，因为所研究的剂量率之间的麻醉持续时间没有差异。