The production effect relates to the better memory of words read aloud during a study phase compared to silently read items. Here, we examined the production effect for memory over the short-term. In long-term memory tasks, the effect generates a complex pattern of results where production interacts with memory task and list composition. Within an immediate ordered recall paradigm, involving both item and order information, we tested the item-order account, recently called upon to explain the production effect. We also analysed results as a function of serial position. Results of the first five experiments were highly consistent, but hard to reconcile with the item-order account. Instead, we put forward an interpretation based on relative distinctiveness and the costs of the richer encoding associated with production. The predictions we derived from this interpretation were supported in the final experiment. Moreover, we tested the interpretation through a new version of the Feature Model. Overall, the work highlights the value of the production effect as a prototypical distinctiveness phenomenon illuminating the interaction of encoding and retrieval processes, the value of feature-rich representations, and the costs that can be associated with feature-generating distinctive processing.

与默读项目相比，生产效果与在学习阶段大声朗读单词的记忆能力有关。在这里，我们检查了短期内记忆的生产效应。在长期记忆任务中，效果会产生复杂的结果模式，其中生产与记忆任务和列表组成会相互作用。在涉及订单和订单信息的立即订购召回范式中，我们测试了最近被要求解释生产效果的订单帐户。我们还分析了结果与序列位置的关系。前五个实验的结果高度一致，但难以与项目订单帐户保持一致。相反，我们基于相对独特性和与生产相关的更丰富编码的成本提出了一种解释。我们从这种解释得出的预测在最终实验中得到了支持。此外，我们通过功能模型的新版本测试了解释。总体而言，这项工作强调了生产效果的价值，即一种典型的独特性现象，阐明了编码和检索过程的相互作用，特征丰富的表示的价值以及与特征生成独特性处理相关的成本。