Environmental risk assessments are necessary to understand the risk associated with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) solutions and to provide decision support for choosing the best technology and implementing risk-reducing measures. This study presents a review of potentially relevant environmental/ecological risk assessment (ERA) guidelines and, based on this review, proposes an initial suggestion of an ERA framework for understanding the environmental impacts from EOR solutions. We first shortlist the important elements necessary for conducting an ERA of EOR solutions from the selected guidelines. These elements are then used to build the suggested ERA framework for produced water discharges, drilling discharges and emissions to air from EOR solutions, which is the primary objective of the present study. Furthermore, the emphasis is placed on identifying the knowledge gaps that exist for conducting ERA of EOR processes. In order to link the framework with the current best environmental practices, a review of environmental policies applicable to the marine environment around the European Union (EU) was conducted. Finally, some major challenges in the application of ERA methods for novel EOR technologies, i.e. uncertainties in the ERA due to lack of data and aggregation of risk from different environmental impacts, are discussed in detail. The frameworks suggested in this study should be possible to use by relevant stakeholders to assess environmental risk from enhanced oil recovery solutions.

必须进行环境风险评估，以了解与提高采油量（EOR）解决方案相关的风险，并为选择最佳技术和实施降低风险的措施提供决策支持。这项研究提出了对潜在相关的环境/生态风险评估（ERA）指南的审查，并在此审查的基础上提出了初步的ERA框架建议，以理解EOR解决方案对环境的影响。我们首先从所选指南中筛选出进行EOR解决方案ERA所需的重要元素。然后将这些元素用于构建建议的ERA框架，以实现采出水，钻探排放和EOR解决方案向空气中的排放，这是本研究的主要目标。此外，重点放在确定进行EOR过程的ERA时存在的知识差距。为了将框架与当前的最佳环境实践联系起来，对适用于欧盟（EU）周围海洋环境的环境政策进行了审查。最后，详细讨论了将ERA方法应用于新型EOR技术的一些主要挑战，即，由于缺乏数据而造成的ERA不确定性以及来自不同环境影响的风险汇总。相关利益相关者应该可以使用本研究中建议的框架，以评估强化采油解决方案带来的环境风险。对适用于欧盟（EU）周围海洋环境的环境政策进行了审查。最后，详细讨论了将ERA方法应用于新型EOR技术的一些主要挑战，即，由于缺乏数据而造成的ERA不确定性以及来自不同环境影响的风险汇总。相关利益相关者应该可以使用本研究中建议的框架，以评估强化采油解决方案带来的环境风险。对适用于欧盟（EU）周围海洋环境的环境政策进行了审查。最后，详细讨论了将ERA方法应用于新型EOR技术的一些主要挑战，即，由于缺乏数据而造成的ERA不确定性以及来自不同环境影响的风险汇总。相关利益相关者应该可以使用本研究中建议的框架，以评估强化采油解决方案带来的环境风险。