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Population history of chimpanzees introduced to Lake Victoria’s Rubondo Island
Primates ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00884-5
Josephine N Msindai 1 , Christian Roos 2 , Felix Schürmann 3 , Volker Sommer 1
Affiliation  

Between 1966 to 1969, Bernhard Grzimek (Frankfurt Zoological Society, FZS) introduced chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) previously held in European institutions to Rubondo Island in Lake Victoria in Tanzania. Earlier publications report various numbers of released animals and that all founders originated from West Africa. We revise these assumptions through consultation of archived FZS records and genetic analyses of surviving descendants. Accordingly, 17 chimpanzees were transported to Africa in four waves, with male–female ratios of 3:8, 1:0, 1:0 and 2:2; one female died in transit. Thus, 16 chimpanzees were released in total. FZS and studbook records allocate a West African provenance to only 19% of the founders and a generic “Africa” origin to 56%. Still, studbook records render it unlikely that any of the founders were captive-born. In addition, our genetic analyses based on biological samples from the current descendants trace the geographical origin of their ancestors back to West Africa (P. t. verus) and Central Africa (P. t. troglodytes). Based on counts of individuals and night nests, we estimate that the population, since 1969, grew to around 35 individuals in 2014 (annual increase 3.3%). Thus, chimpanzees released onto a large forested island free from predators or hunting pressure, habitat destruction and conspecific competition can form a self-sustaining island population without human support.



中文翻译:

引入维多利亚湖鲁邦多岛的黑猩猩种群历史

1966 年至 1969 年间,Bernhard Grzimek(法兰克福动物学会,FZS)引入了黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes) 以前在欧洲机构举办到坦桑尼亚维多利亚湖的鲁邦多岛。较早的出版物报告了各种数量的释放动物,并且所有创始人都来自西非。我们通过查阅存档的 FZS 记录和幸存后代的遗传分析来修改这些假设。相应地,17只黑猩猩分四次被运送到非洲,雌雄比例分别为3:8、1:0、1:0和2:2;一名女性在运输途中死亡。因此,总共释放了 16 只黑猩猩。FZS 和血统书记录将西非出处分配给仅 19% 的创始人,将通用“非洲”原产地分配给 56%。尽管如此,血统书记录表明,任何创始人都不太可能是圈养出生的。此外,P.T. verus)和中非(P. t. troglodyte s)。根据个体和夜巢的数量,我们估计自 1969 年以来,种群数量在 2014 年增长到约 35 只(年增长 3.3%)。因此,将黑猩猩释放到没有捕食者或狩猎压力、栖息地破坏和同种竞争的大型森林岛屿上,可以在没有人类支持的情况下形成一个自给自足的岛屿种群。

更新日期:2021-02-03
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