The rising use of radioactive elements is increasing radioactive pollution and calling for advanced materials to protect individuals. For instance, polymers are promising due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and multifunctional properties. Moreover, composites made of polymers and high atomic number fillers should allow to obtain material with low-weight, good flexibility, and good processability. Here we review the synthesis of polymer materials for radiation protection, with focus on the role of the nanofillers. We discuss the effectivness of polymeric materials for the absorption of fast neutrons. We also present the recycling of polymers into composites.

放射性元素使用的增加正在加剧放射性污染，需要先进的材料来保护个人。例如，聚合物因其机械、电学、热学和多功能特性而很有前途。此外，由聚合物和高原子序数填料制成的复合材料应该可以获得重量轻、柔韧性好和加工性能好的材料。在这里，我们回顾了用于辐射防护的聚合物材料的合成，重点是纳米填料的作用。我们讨论了聚合材料吸收快中子的有效性。我们还介绍了将聚合物回收制成复合材料。