This paper examines Nordic working life development programs as agents of change and thepossibility of working life change through such programs in general. It first constructs narrativesof Norwegian and Finnish program histories based on a literature review. The narratives form the basis for a summary of the main successes, limitations, and problems of the programs. The Norwegian and Finnish experiences act as an introduction to a discussion on the shortcomings of research-aided efforts toward reforming working life more generally.The paper suggests that Transition Management, an approach widely utilized in transition and innovation studies, could also be helpful in increasing understanding about preconditions for working life change and dealing with some of these shortcomings.

中文翻译：

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北欧工作生活发展计划和扩大棘手的问题

本文考察了北欧工作生活发展计划作为变革的推动力，以及通过这些计划通常可以改变工作生活的可能性。它首先根据文献综述来构建挪威和芬兰计划历史的叙述。这些叙述构成了该程序主要成功，局限和问题总结的基础。挪威和芬兰的经验为讨论研究辅助工作对更广泛的工作生活改革的缺点的讨论提供了导论。本文认为，过渡管理是一种在过渡和创新研究中广泛使用的方法，也可能有助于增加了解工作生活改变的前提条件，并解决其中一些缺点。