The National Insurance Scheme (NIS) remains the cornerstone of the Norwegian pension system. The introduction of a mandatory occupational pension in 2006, and the restructuring of the contractual pension (AFP) in 2008, have, however, significantly increased the importance of labor market based pensions. Entitlement to AFP and contributions to occupational pensions are largely determined by individual employers, thus resulting in significant different future pension benefits and opportunities to retire early among employees. This article investigates what characterizes private sector enterprises that offer their employees both entitlement to AFP and a ‘good’ occupational pension, compared with enterprises that only offer a minimum pension. Analyzing data from a survey carried out in 2012 among 1107 private sector companies, I find that companies who offered an occupational pension before such schemes became mandatory in 2006 and companies where the social partners had conducted negotiations concerning pensions, were more likely to offer ‘good’ labor market based pensions. Both of these factors are linked to union strength and strong social partner relations.

中文翻译：

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哪个挪威企业提供最贫穷和最好的退休金待遇？

国家保险计划（NIS）仍然是挪威退休金系统的基石。但是，2006年引入了强制性职业养老金，并于2008年重组了合同养老金（AFP），大大提高了劳动力市场养老金的重要性。AFP的资格和职业养老金的缴纳很大程度上由个体雇主决定，因此导致未来退休金的福利和在员工中提前退休的机会大不相同。本文调查了那些仅向雇员提供法定退休金和“良好”职业养老金的私营企业与仅提供最低养老金的企业相比的特征。分析了2012年对1107家私营部门公司进行的一项调查的数据，我发现，在此类计划于2006年成为强制性要求之前提供职业养老金的公司，以及社会伙伴就养老金进行谈判的公司，更有可能提供“良好”的劳动力市场养老金。这两个因素都与工会实力和牢固的社会伙伴关系有关。