Written communication is an important skill across academia, the workplace, and civic participation. Effective writing incorporates instantiations of particular text structures - rhetorical moves - that communicate intent to the reader. These rhetorical moves are important across a range of academic styles of writing, including essays and research abstracts, as well as in forms of writing in which one reflects on learning gained through experience. However, learning how to effectively instantiate and use these rhetorical moves is a challenge. Moreover, educators often struggle to provide feedback supporting this learning, particularly at scale. Where effective support is provided, the techniques can be hard to share beyond single implementation sites. We address these challenges through the open-source AcaWriter tool, which provides feedback on rhetorical moves, with a design that allows feedback customization for specific contexts. We introduce three example implementations in which we have customized the tool and evaluated it with regard to user perceptions, and its impact on student writing. We discuss the tool's general theoretical background and provide a detailed technical account. We conclude with four recommendations that emphasize the potential of collaborative approaches in building, sharing and evaluating writing tools in research and practice.

中文翻译：

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AcaWriter：一种学习分析工具，用于学术写作的形成性反馈

书面交流是跨学术界，工作场所和公民参与的一项重要技能。有效的写作结合了特定文本结构的实例化（修辞动作），这些结构将意图传达给读者。这些修辞手法对于包括学术论文和研究摘要在内的一系列学术写作风格，以及通过反思从经验中学到的写作形式都很重要。但是，学习如何有效地实例化和使用这些修辞手法是一个挑战。而且，教育工作者经常难以提供反馈来支持这种学习，特别是在规模上。在提供有效支持的地方，这些技术可能难以在单个实施站点之外共享。我们通过开源AcaWriter工具应对这些挑战，它提供了关于修辞动作的反馈，其设计允许针对特定上下文定制反馈。我们介绍了三个示例实现，在这些实现中，我们已经定制了该工具，并根据用户的感知及其对学生写作的影响对其进行了评估。我们讨论了该工具的一般理论背景，并提供了详细的技术说明。我们以四项建议作为结束语，这些建议强调了协作方法在研究和实践中构建，共享和评估写作工具的潜力。的一般理论背景，并提供详细的技术说明。我们以四项建议作为结束语，这些建议强调了协作方法在研究和实践中构建，共享和评估写作工具的潜力。的一般理论背景，并提供详细的技术说明。我们以四项建议作为结束语，这些建议强调了协作方法在研究和实践中构建，共享和评估写作工具的潜力。