Literacy is a critically important and contemporary issue for educators, scientists, and politicians. Efforts to overcome the challenges associated with illiteracy, and the subsequent development of literate societies, are closely related to those of poverty reduction and sustainable human development. In this paper, the authors examine literacy from the lens of text and discourse theorists who focus on the higher-order comprehension processes involved in literacy. Discourse processing models make the assumption that comprehension emerges from the construction of a mental model of the text, which relies on the reader generating inferences to connect ideas within the text and to what the reader already knows. The article provides a broad overview of the theoretical models that drive research on text comprehension and production, as well as how this research shapes literacy instruction and effective interventions. The authors focus on two interventions with proven success in improving deep comprehension and writing, iSTART and the Writing Pal. Increasing literacy across the world call for a greater focus on theory driven strategy interventions to be integrated within classrooms and community at large.

中文翻译：

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素养：从文本和话语理论的角度

对于教育者，科学家和政客来说，扫盲是至关重要的和当代的问题。克服与文盲有关的挑战以及随后的文化社会发展的努力与减贫和可持续人类发展密切相关。在本文中，作者从文本和话语理论家的角度研究了读写能力，他们关注的是读写能力所涉及的高阶理解过程。话语处理模型假设理解是从文本心理模型的构建中产生的，该模型依赖于读者生成推论，以将文本中的思想与读者已经知道的内容联系起来。本文概述了推动文本理解和产生研究的理论模型，以及这项研究如何塑造识字教学和有效的干预措施。作者专注于在提高深度理解和写作方面取得成功的两种干预措施，即iSTART和Writing Pal。全世界越来越多的识字率要求人们将更多的注意力放在以理论为基础的战略干预措施上，以将其整合到教室和整个社区中。